84 



ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN BOTANY. 



IL Galium asperifoUum^ (Wall.) 

 1. Flowering branch, showing a whorl of 6 leaves, 

 some of three and generally the upper ones reduced to 



pairs 



2. An expanded flower. 



3. Corolla and stamens detached. 



4. Anthers, back and front views. 



5. Ovary. 



6. cut verticallv, the ovules 



111. Asptrula cynanchica. 



h Flowering branch, natural size. 



2. Floriferous apex of a branch. 



3. Detached flower. 



4. Corolla split open, showing the stamens in situ. 

 ,5. Anthers, back and front views. 



6. Ovary. 



7. 



cut vertically. 



1^ 



IV. Vaillantia murcdis. 



1. Flowering plant, natural size. 



,2. A joint of the stem with the leaves and flowers 

 in situ. 



3. Fascicle of flowers, spread out to show the two 

 exterior male ones and centre fertile one. 



4. A detached male flower. 



7. 



a 



9. 



10. 



12, 

 13. 

 14. 



10. 

 IL 

 12. 

 13. 

 14. 



Ovary cut transversely. 



A mature fruit of G. boreale^ 



One-half detached. 



Cut vertically, showing the embryo in situ. 



Cut transversely. 



Detached embryo. 



Portion of the stem. 



Detached leaves, upper and under surfaces 



nH 



•', 



^ T- 



8. Ovary cut transversely. 



9. Mature fruit 



cut transversely, 

 one-half detached. 



cut vertically, showing the embryo. 



Embryo detached. 

 Portion of the stem. 

 All more or less magnified. 



Tf 



5. Stamens, back and front. i 



6. A mature seed. 



7. The same cut transversely. 

 3. Detached embryo. 



My solitary specimen of this plant being rather 



the analysis is less perfect than I could have wished. 



J- 



r 



LXXXV.— VALERIANE^. 



■ 



I 



This is a small order of herbaceous plants, sometimes with perennial roots, more rarelv suf- 

 fruticose or twining The distinguishing peculiarities of the family are, its having fewer sta- 

 mens than lobes to the corolla, a usually 3-celled, cohering ovary with two of the cells empty, 

 or occasionally wanting, the third fertile with a single pendulous ovule, the seed exalbumenous 

 with the radicle of t.h. prr^K,... superior. As regards Indian Botany or more properly in 



Ua i.^iof;^« 4.« i\. n /.Ti V ;:^r-:"^^- -^^^ xcgaiua auuuiu Dutany or more pro 



Its relation to the flora of the Indian Peninsula, this family is of secon^ry importance, umy 

 m SriL'Tlf f^l'r,v'r:"l^^^ ?r^t-^ ?^^- -^ -'} these conLed' to the highest 



Only 



mountains. 



tains, and one in Ceylon. 



Neilgl: 



Pulney moun- 



8embliL^rn™„r ""r" v""-^"' . ?^'^^ "l'"" * '™^ "^ ^^'^ ^i-^^. «itl>" membranous or rc- 



Stamens 1-5, in- 



serted I'ntn fli«t,;T.Jrp7^ — ^ v^^i«»», V. gxuuuus, ur spurrea, at the base. Stamens l-o, m- 

 riuL coh ;„*tS^Xf ^:Tt: f^J^^" yi\ ''^»- = -thers ovate, 2-celled. Ova- 



men none. 



) 



,. — «.^^.»^,v.. xiUit uiy, ina 



(2 cells being then abortive) 



dul 



style 



..nb of 

 Albu- 



From 

 the 



Embryo straight : radicle superior rcot;Q^:i ti,riu:Z%!^S:r::sil^^ ■ 

 Affinities. The nearest relations of this family are 7) 



the latter by their free anthtri^d ™"5'f ^'^ adherent ovary and exalbumenous seed : from 



Caprifoliacei through Sj:, whii has ^f" "f ''''' °""'''- "^^'^ ^'^ »1^° "''"^'' •!" 



leaves; but in mosttther resprctelre amply distinct" '""^' '^""'"' '"^'"^<^''''' "-"^ "P^"''" 

 »;„,;?';'J,?1™"\?'^"'™"«''- This is essen 



emarkabl 



— ,^ ^^^ remarKat 



four have yet been discovered In the 

 On the Himalayas and in Cashmere 



entially an extratroplcal order, the few found 

 m their habits. As already mentioned only 

 enmsula and these onlv on flifi hlabest hills. 



abundant, furnishing 



