86 ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN BOTANY. 



LXXXVI.— DIPSACE^. 



This, like the preceding, is a small order of extra-tropical plants, of which two only 

 have yet been found in the tropical portion of India, one on the Neilgherries and one in 

 Ceylon. 



Thus limited in the number of its species, the family is principally interesting on 

 account of an unusual peculiarity of structure, each floret being enclosed, in addition to 

 the usual calyx, m an mvolucel resembling an outer calyx, which embraces the ovary and 

 base of the calyx, and separates with it when the seed has attained maturity. The calyx 

 18 of that kmd called superior or adherent, that is, the ovary is inclosed iu its tube, which 

 contracts at the neck and afterwards the limb expands, assuming various forms. The designa- 

 tion superior calyx originated in an idea, that the limb only formed the calyx, and that 

 It sprung from the apex of the ovary. This doctrine is now exploded, and some of the 

 species of this family supply conclusive proof of the propriety of so doing, as a longi- 

 tudinal section of the ovary of those plants shows the tube of the calyx quite distinct 

 rom the ovary, all except the neck, where alone it adheres, presenting the ovary with 



withTtrcontenTs '"^ ^ '^'^' *^' '*"^'' ^"^^^ ^^'^^^"^ contacted an adhesion 



r^axnlTcZlL'L^^'' A^^'^'Z' ^'^^^ T^^ ^ ^'"^^ ^^^^^ «>• elongated, entire, or toothed, or 

 ITiohed rnr!^v T f ^^?^^ ^P^x of the tube of the calyx, tubular; limb oblique, 

 Lot aiternnt J ^ff ". '' ^f^^'^'T ^°^^^5^^ted. Stamens 4, inserted on the tube of the 

 LT with the tnbp of ff \""' "^?r^ ^^'^r ^''^^'^ •• ^"^J^^^-« 2-celled. Ovarium coher- 

 leZ^L'tltllJt.'^^^^^^^^^^ -ly by the apex, or at first free and 



pendi 



drv inrlplii^PPnf ^rn«.T^ri V --^-^r^^^V^ i^t^uauiuus: siyie nnrorm: stigma simple, i^'ruit 

 o7in ofut l™' Z7,:f ^«L ■'!.:>"''._ "' '^? .-=^'7-. »--"y covered L an oLter cal.x 



or ravoIiio(.Hiim 1 noiuj o j !T i.u<! t.ii;fx, nsuaiiy covereil by an ooter calyx 



flLhra b™eT\iXll ■ '? '"^' P^""'''''"'^- -Enil^ryo straight, in the axis of a 



"rti ie BlaS PUw''"'°^'-~^'''™ "^f"'^"' ^"y ™"'y verticilla e, variable in shape 

 on the same plant. Flowers densely capitate, or very rarely vcrlicillate. 



on tt"o'JLer''''Fr^m "ihrf "''"'r,, '""* '''"?»'""''*. «" ihe one side, and Composite 

 albumenoa seed and iuvolncer'f '"''y.. '''? distinguished by their capitate infloresence, 



and pendulons ovuTef generally theTnvJjr "^f™" ^^ ■ '^'l' ^'^'^ """■"- "l''"""™""' ^''>' 



or sonaething very si ^.t'C-jt;!: TS.^Zt':"'''"'''' 



Geographical Distribution. Europe Barbarv Ado 



SeT'fh-f N^i4'htiLTnrLe:r"''r ^^ '^- '^^ ^»- 



£esci™a„/«; tlf,™l!^?f.5"5''™'..'>»>-« ■>»" "> be added. 



but it does occur 



Minor, the Cape of Good Hope 



at) 



height of 4 or 5 feet. 



Neilgherries, Dipsacus 



Properties and Usf«; T^oaa rr - -, 



(Dipsacus fulonum), are u«ed in Lr^tn'^'^T^^^T "'^i"*^^''^^"^- ^he heads of the Teazel 

 bracts, and are found superior L Tlf f ^ '^'^^- ^^' ^""''''^ ^'^ furnished with hard spiny 

 The roots of the Devil's BTso.f- ^"'^°^'^ ^^ ^"^ ""'^^^^^^^ substitute yet invented, 

 that it is said the Devfl in o„rr«n^! ^ere formerly esteemed so valuable as a medicine 

 tained his object, as The part fef if , 1. '^ ^^-'"^ J"^' ^« ^^^^'^ *« ^^ve completely at- 

 fonnerly attribut;d to theTntire root "''' "^ ^' possess any of the sanatory virtues 



■ 



1. Dipsacus 

 natural size. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE 130 



plant 



calyx-like involucell, m .J^^ ^'L^ mvolucral bract, the 



5. Ovary, the involucel and calyx spUt open. 



^. A seed cut transversely. 



showing 



and insertion of the stamenr^ """ ''"''" ^"^'^ ^^^i»' ^^^d- 



fuU 



8 



-- wax, otaiucilS. ' r\ 



4. Anthers, back and front views. 9.-10. Upper and under surfaces of the leaf. 



All more or less magnified. 



