ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN BOTANY. 



99 



female; of the disk sterile. Anthers incluse. Styles 

 of the disk scarcely exserted, urnlivided. Achaenia of 

 the ray obovate, subangled, glabrous. Pappus none, 

 — Ramous herbs with alternate, decurrent leaves, pe- 

 duncles opposite the leaves. Involucre two or several 

 series, imbricated. Receptacle naked, convex. Indian 

 Peninsula, common in rice fields. 



Sub-tribe IV. L\ule^. Capitula never dioiconSf 

 rarely homogamoiis, often hderogamous^ radiate. Ligula 

 feviale, isochromous (colour of the disk). Receptacle, ex- 

 cept Rhantarium, epaleaceous. Anthers caudate. Leaves 

 alternate. 



the styles exserted, filiform, diverging TRoxb, Icon. D. C], 

 or incluse and shortly !«pathu]ate [R. W. Icon.]. Achrr- 

 nia compressed, apparently 2-winged from tlie cohcriiig- 

 involucral scales. Pappus wanting [unlcM the elongated 

 points of the involucre be considered such], — Herbace- 

 ous, dilTuse plants. Leaves alternate, dilated, amplexicaui 

 at the origin of the flowers. Flowers sessile, surrounded 

 by 2-3 orbicular leaves and some small bracts, forming 

 the general involucre, pale violet or white, opening 

 from the centre towards the circumference, [Tbif 

 genus seems badly placed here, having apparently no 

 aflinity with the plants among which it is stationed.] 

 Not uncommon in wet soil in sub-alpine situations. 



Div. I. 



late. 



Capitula several, many flowered, not glomeru- Sub-tribe Buphthalmeje. 



42. Lnula (Gaertner D. C. 5-4G3). Capitula hete- 

 rogamous ; florets of the ray 1 series, female, or some- 

 times, by abortion, sterile, usually ligulate; oY the 

 disk hermaphrodite, tubular, 5-toothed. Anthers with 

 two bristles at the base. Achaenia erostrate, roundish. 

 Pappus uniform, bristles capillary.— Herbaceous peren- 

 nials. Capitula at the apices of the branches, solitary, 

 often corymbose. Involucre imbricated, many series. 

 Receptacle naked. Flowers yellow. Himalayas. 



43. VicoA (Cass. D. C. 5-474, R. W. Icon. 11^8). 

 Capitula heterogamous; florets of the ray narrow ligu- 

 late, 1 series; of the disk tubular, 5-toothed, Anthers 

 setaceously appendiculate at the base. Achaenia beak- 

 less. Pappus of the ray none, of the disk capillary, 

 1 series. — Erect, ramous annuals with alternate, auri- 

 culately sagittate, sessile leaves; branches sparingly 

 leafy, l-cephalous. Involucre imbricated, scales subu- 

 late. Receptacle ebracteolate* Flowers yellow. Com- 

 mon weed all over the Peninsula. 



44. FRANcoeuRiA (Cass. D. C. Prod. 5-475). Capi- 

 tula many-flowered, heterogamous; ray florets ligulate, 

 short, 1 series, female; disk ones tubular, 4-toothed her- 

 maphrodite. Acha^nium beakless. Pappus caducous, 

 1 series, bristles rough below, above barbellato-plumose, 

 aglutinated at the base into a short ring, crowned with 

 minute paleae or bristles.— An erect under-shrub with 

 alternate leaves ; and l-cephalous branches. Involucre 

 campanulate, imbricated, receptacle naked, flat. — Flow- 

 ers yellow. Banks of the Ganges, Behar. 



45. PuLicARiA (Gaert. D. C. Prod. 5-477). Capitula 

 many-flowered, heterogamous; ray florets 1 series, fe- 

 rnale, ligulate; disk ones tubular, 5-dentate, hermaphro- 

 dite. Achasnia beakless, not compressed. Pappus 2 

 series, exterior crown-like, dentate, short; interior of 

 rou^h bristles. — Erect, ramous, villous, odorous plants 

 with cordato-sagittate leaves, frequent in marshy grounds. 

 Peduncles l-cephalous. Involucre loosely imbricated. 

 Receptacle naked, areolate, flat. Flowers yellow. My- 

 sore, Patna, Himalayas. 



Div. 11. C-ESULIEJG. Capitula Ifloivered, glomerate. 

 Involucre 2'Valvedi qflerwards agluienated to the achaniunu 



46. C5:suLiA (Roxb. D. C. 5-482, R. W. Icon. 1102). 

 Capitula numerous, aggregated in a glomerulus, or gen- 

 eral head : proper involucre 2, carinated, membranace- 

 ous valves, at length cohering with the ovary and 

 forming a spurious, 2-lobed pappus. Corolla tubular, 5- 

 lobeJ, spreading. Anthers rigid, caudate. Branches of 



Capititla vs7tnllij heteroga- 

 mous. Ray florets ligulate. Receptacle paleaceous* Pap* 

 pus croum-like, torn or piloso-dentate. 



47, BuPHTHALMUM (Necker. D, C. Prod. 5-483). Flo- 

 rets of the ray 1 series, broatlish ligulate; tubes'of all 

 the corollas terete, narrow below, Achsenia of the ray 

 triquetrous, narrow, 3-winged; of the disk compressed, 

 winged on the interior margin. Pappus scariose, 

 crown-like, piloso-dentate. — Perennial herbs. Leaves 

 linear lanceolate, entire. Capitula solitary, terminal. 

 Involucral scales long, acuminate. Anthers scarcely 

 caudate. A very doubtful Indian genus. 



Sub-tribe Ecltpteje. Capitula heteroganwuSj flowers 

 of the ray female^ except Cryphiospermum, ligidale; of 

 the disk hermaphrodite : anthers ecaudate. Receptade palf^n* 

 emus. Pappus either none or aristatCj never setaceous. 

 Leaves opposite* 



48. EcLTPTA (Lin. D. C. 5-489). Capitula many- 

 flowered, heterogamous; of the ray 1 series, female, 

 shortly ligulate; of the disk tubular, 4-toothed. Achae- 

 nia of the ray triangular, of the disk compressed, tu- 

 berculated on tlie sides, scarcely apiculate. — Rough, 

 herbaceous plants with opposite leaves and solitary, 

 axillary peduncles. Involucre 2 series, scales 10-12. 

 Receptacle flat, covered with lanceolate paleae. Flow- 

 ers white; juice employed to dye black. Common 

 weed every where in cultivated ground. 



49. Blatnvillea (Cass. D. C. 5-492), Capitula heter- 

 ogamous; florets of the ray few^ 1 series, expandin 

 into a broad, short, irregularly 3-cleft ligula ; of the disk 

 tubular, 5-cleft. Style of the disk included. Achaenia 

 of the ray triquatrous, bearing 3 rigid, persist^t, ciliate 

 bristles. Of the disk compressed, biaristate. — Herbace- 

 ous plants with opposite triplinerved leaves. Pedun- 

 cles axillary, monocephalous. Involucre cylindrical, 1-2 

 series, exterior ones foliaceous. Receptacle nanow, 

 paleae embracing the flowers concave, membranaceous. 

 Flowers white. Like the preceding, common in culti- 

 vated groimds. 



50. SiEGESBECKiA (Lin. D. C. 5-495, R. W. Icon. 



1103). Capitula heterogamous; florets of the ray 1 

 series, ligulate or deformed; of the disk tubular, 3-5- 

 toothed. Achaenia obovate oblong, somewhat 4-sided, 

 curved within, epappose. — Herbaceous, dichotomouj 

 plants, upper parts viscid. Involucre 2 series ; five ex- 

 terior ones linear, spathulate, spreading; interior ones, 

 involving the achaenia of the ray, viscidly pilose on the 

 back. Receptacle flat Palese embracing the achaenia. 

 Flowers yellow- Widely diffused over tlie Peninsula in 

 sub-alpine or alpine jungles. 



I 



