112 ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN BOTANY. 



Affinities. Passing over the relationship of this family with the others referred to the 

 class CampanulinecB, which scarcely require to be further insisted on, as they hare been ad- 

 verted to in the remarks on both the class and preceding order, I proceed to offer a few ob- 

 servations on more distant affinities. 



fied) 



(but 



any others in the system, we may look round to see what others are most nearly related to it. 

 Among these, the Bicornes (Ericales Lind.), through Vacciniacece^ occupy a prominent place. 

 It is true the bulk of that group have inferior flowers, but a similar structure is also occasion- 

 ally found in true Campanulineoe, while the alternate leaves, plurllocular ovary, indefinite ovules, 

 and albuminous seed, are common to both, as is, in many instances, the loculicidal dehiscence, to 

 which VacciniacecB add epigynous insertion of the flowers. The Caprifoliaceous group, in- 

 cluding Ruhiacece, on the other side, presents many points of affinity in some of their genera, 

 especially HedyotidecB, which have valvate aestivation, and considerable similarity of habit, while 

 others are widely distinct. Compositor form a third allied group, but the almost uniform monos- 

 permous fruit, exalburainous seed, and remarkable venation of the corolla, easily keep them 

 distinct, ec^ually from this as from all other families. Indeed, duly considering the importance of 

 the differences in comparison with the points of affinity, the relationship of the Aggregatte and 



mae 



than affinities. These 

 the Hypogynous ones. 



partak 



Some of the 



th 



Northe 

 Accord 



„„ ^,^^5^^ JJ^^icAL Distribution. This is a pre-eminently extra-tropical family, only about 

 JO out of 500 species being found within the tropics. They also prefer alpine regions, the 

 greatest number of species being found in alpine countries: the Alps of Euronef the Caucassian 

 Altai, and Himalayan ranges, being all centres of habitation in thr ^- - ' • •• -^-i- 

 the tape of Good Hope forms the principal one in the Southern. 



js be ween the S 6th and 47th degrees of Northern latitude the greatesrnumberVf "species is 

 iound, and he considers the mountains just named as their true native country. 



acT'/hTZ'^' ^■,'' ^'^\ Under this head little can be said. The milky juice of some is 



Ld .oL T iT ^ ^''^M y- '' ^^''' predominating characteristic, and some few are used as 



eqtst ' "'' '"^ ''^''^' ^" rnedkme. As ornament^! plants many are in great 



Remarks on Genera and Species. The flora 



scope lor ODservations on this head a«« nbmif •? /.^ q r.^^^* • .-, ---"-"■" ~ ^ 



liav'P tbrpp vpfpvnl.u +» +K " "^'^"'^» apout 7 or 8 species comprise the whole ist. Of these, I 

 related, aAd both found orthe NeSSie. ' ' """^ '""^ '"' "'P'"' P'''"''' "'"^ """'^ 



related, and both found on the Neilgherries. 



Neilgherries, all of 

 :e variety of C, fulg> 



than a distinct species, but behu/ o r iff ' !•""' "" ""^ ^ ^'^P'^^^^ ^^"^^^ «f ^' /«^^^«*' ""T"' 

 presentation as weU 4 the othL tI^T '"^ appearance I have thought it deserving of re- 



Wahhnhergia^ are not easily distinguished 



In Campanula 



the capsule opens by lateral norea r,r^,i™= / "r""''' "'stmgmshmg marks. In Campamm, 

 dehiscence takes p4e ™ thTalv fie F i T, ^pf I ^?',."'."*'' 136), in WahknbergiaJ\^^ 

 the two genera is very much £ ^ Ti, ^" ■?'• ^'"'l' ^?^'>' ^ »"><'' '«sP«<='s the stmcture of 

 varies, and afford yl uabTe secSai Jit^f'^^ f *■"= ^"'^^ =" *« o^P™'" "^ Campanf 

 genus. In some they are Lied Zl T I ^ "^^'^ *" 8'™'' ">^ numerous species of that 

 In the former case the capsule i.?i,n ^ '' ?"'' ■"■ ""'"' ""^ Ae apex (see ^igs. 10, H). 

 diyided into sections ^d ?rouo, L Twl ^TS^ '" '¥ >«" erect. The genu! is farther 



divided into sections and Srup3 by certafntnnP'T' '" "i" ^"" «<"='• The genu 

 »a_absent in another, h/soZ ht i^gl h" "^'t.lt^S^.'t^rkll 



