ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN BOTANY. 



145 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE 148-b. partly. 



A. Sideroxylon Allenuaium. 



1. Flower bud. 



2, Flower split open, showing the fertile and sterile 

 stamens. 3* Anthers* 



4 Calyx divided, showing the free ovary. 



5. Ovary detached. 6. cut vertically, ovules ascending. 

 7. Cut transversely, 5-celled. 



B. Tsonandra Candolliana* 



1. A detached flower. 



2. Corolla detached and split open, showing all ' the 

 stamens fertile and anthers extrorse. 



3. Detached anthers. 



4. Ovary detached. 



5. and 5. Two ovaries cut transversely, one 4- the other 

 5-celled. 



6. Cut vertically. 



C. Mimusops Boxburghiana* 



1. Expanded flower. 



2. Detached corolla split open. 



3. A portion of the corolla more magnified, showing 

 all the parts mentioned in the diagram. 



4. Detached stamens. 



5. Calyx and ovary.. 

 6. 



Ovary cut vertically. 

 Cut transversely. 



A fruit cut vertically. 



cut transversely, 5 of its 8 ovules abortive. 



7. 



8. 



9. 



10. Detached seed. 

 11. 

 12. Detached embryo. 



■'^A^^^-^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^A V 



cut longitudinally, embryo in situ. 



^ 



XCIX.— EBENACE^. 



This small order, consisting of only 8 genera, but nearly 160 species, was first indicated 

 by Jussieu under the name of Guaicance^ to Avhich he referred 10 genera, all except two of 

 which have since been removed ; one to Sapotacece^ and seven to Styracacece, Ventenat and 

 Brown subsequently revised the order, the former changing the name to that which it now 

 bears. It for the most part consists of trees, the timber of which is remarkable for its liardne<?« 

 and durability, the well-known Ebony and Lignum Vitae being two of them. 



t' 



Character of the Order. Flowers, by abortion, usually unisexual rarely bisexual, the 

 male with a rudimentary ovary, the female w^ith sterile stamens. Calyx S-T-lobed, nearly equal, 

 persistent. Corolla raonopetalous, somewhat coriaceous, usually pubescent externally and glab- 

 rous within ; limb S-7-lobed, imbricated in sestivation. Stamens definite, either arising from the 

 corolla, or hypogynous, twice as many as the segments of the corolla, sometimes four times as 

 many, or the same number and then alternate w^ith them, often inserted in pairs near the bottom 

 of the tube and those neither opposite nor alternate; filaments simple in the hermaphrodite 

 species, generally doubled in the polygamous and diaeclous ones, both their divisions bearing 

 anthers but the inner generally smaller ; anthers attached by their base, generally lanceolate, 

 2-celIed, dehiscing lengthwise, sometimes bearded ; pollen round, smooth. Ovary sessile without 

 any disk, several-celled, the cells each having one or two ovules, pendulous from the apex ; style 

 divided, seldom simple ; stigmas bifid or simple. Fruit fleshy, round, or oval, by abortion often 

 few-seeded, its pericarp often opening in a regular manner. Seed with a membranaceous testa, 

 of the same figure as the albumen, which is cartilaginous and white ; embryo in the axis, or 

 but little out of it, straight, white, generally more than half as long as the albumen ; cotyledons 

 foliaceous, generally somewhat veiny, lying close together, or occasionally slightly separate ; 

 radicle taper, of middling length or long, superior, turned towards the hilum.— Trees, shrubs, 

 or undershrubs, without milk, with hard heavy wood, frequent in warm, rare in colder regions. 

 Leaves alternate or sub-opposite, entire, exstipulate, short petioled. Cymes axillary, rarely 

 terminal, in the males few or many-flowered, one flower evidently terminal; in the female 

 one-flowered by the lateral flowers aborting; pedicels articulated at the apex; females usually 

 larger, with the calyx growing with the fruit. 



as being most nearly allied to 



Affinities. Jussieu 



. ^^. .,v*ooi^v* viewed the genus Diospy,,, o 



Sapota, but included it in an order the bulk of which was composed of genera now removed 

 to constitute ^1^» r^r^oonf C/^/»./»/./»/>/j.t^ wThVIi nrft nprie-vnous or have an inferior 

 hence, 



the present Styracacece, which are perigynous or Have an interior ovary. 

 misled by that association, he placed Diospyros, having hypogynous flowers, in his 

 perigynous class, from which it is sufficiently distinct. 



Brown considers this order most 



V 



