160 



ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN BOTANY- 



.i 



J. officinale, fragrant The leaves on 



diate between J. atlenuatum and /. gra< 



1. Flowering branch, natural size. 

 2- Cyme of flowers, 



3. CoroUa split open, stamens in situ. 



4, Anthers, back and front views. 

 8. Ovary and calyx. 



6, 7. Ovary cut vertically and transversely. 



oung luxuriant 



This seems to be inter- 



8. Cyme of fruit, one half of each aborted. 



9. Detached hexxy. 



10, IL Mature fruit, cut vertically and transversely. 

 12. Detached seed, testa removed. 

 13- A seed lobe. 



CV.— APOCYNACE^. 



This Order has, in the course of M. Alphonse De Candolle's recent revision, became a large 



and highly interesting one. It was first denned by Jussieu, but as left by him, included nearly 



all the then known genera of the present Apocynacece^ AsclepiadecB and LoganiacecB. Brown, 



on subsequently revising the order, separated Asclepiadece^ as a distinct family, and assigned to 



ApocynacecB its present limits, with the exception of a few genera, which have since been removed 



to form the type of the new order Loganiacece. The trible order, if I may so call it, as left by 



Jussieu, contained in all only 29 genera. Of Apocynacece^ there are now 100, of AsclepiadecB 133, 



and of Loyanlacce 26— total 259 ; a vast increase in the space of 60 years, and rapid as has 

 been the increase of 



same proportion. 

 De Candolle, and 

 lished in the "Am 



genera, I believe that of species has not fallen much short of the 

 This order has very recently been carefully revised by Professor Alph. 

 his monograph published in DCs Prodromus. Since then he has pub- 



which he has given an elaborate account of its peculiarities and affinities. 



_ Characteu of the Order. Calyx free, 5-parted, persistent, lobes usually furnished 

 Withm with scales or glands. Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, regular, 5-lobed, the throat 

 often furnished with scales; asstivatiou contorto-Imbricated. Stamens 5, arising from within 

 the tube of the corolla, alternate with its lobes; filaments distinct; anthers adhering firmly 



stigm 



applied to the stigma. Ovary free, usually embraced at the base by a fleshy nectary composed 

 ot 5 glands placed opposite the lobes of the calyx, single or double ; when single, 2- or rarely 

 1-celled ; when double, united at the apex into a single style ; ovules usually numerous, amphi- 

 tropous or nearly anatropous ; style simple ; stigma frequently enlarged at the base, expand- 

 ing into a ring or campanulate membrane, contracted in the middle, and simple or two-cleft 

 pointed or dilated at the apex. Fruit follicular, capsular, baccate or drupaceous. Seed usually 

 pendulous, sometimes ascending, naked, or variously comose, sometimes winged, often albumin- 

 nr „'„Z i*" f ^'^^S' 'l^^t "Bually superior, cotyledons flat, rarely convolute—Trees, shrubs, 

 ske or wtt { herbaceous, with milky juice ; stems frequently twining; leaves oppo- 



the DlLe of Iff;, T\ ''^'''"'*'' T^^'^ ^"^^^^' '^r«b' stipuled, but^ often having glands in 

 handsome ^ ' ""' "'"'"^ '^'°^"'^' «««^«times racemose, regular, often large and 



Affinities 



AsclepiadecB on 



hand 



granula 



stigmatic 



il^Jiir ""^'^^'iy y^^^ ^itli Gentiance^ ^T^di Loganiacece, on the one side, and 

 noinf , • f'^^^f'f^^^. with which they were at first associated by Jussieu, 

 points nearly related, are scarcely, as It appears to me, so nearly allied as 



.r/ In f i! T c M-'"''^ P"*^"*^ ^» common is most certain, but on the 



oor.lnnf 1 T^'^^ ^'^ ^"''^ different. The twisted aestivation, the 

 corpuscules. the riiffpronf cf«„^i„___ a .% .. - ., j +v.o 



the d 



' au ^veignty distinctions, especially 

 and exalbumlnous ones of the oth 

 . Much stress has been laid by both 



crsal distinction between 



say 



