ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN BOTANY. l65 



contents of each cell of the anthers had acquired a certain degree of solidity, a determinate 

 form, and ..-ere separable ft^om the cell in one mass; the cnculli\vere also obsin^ble but "^ ,i 

 very small and green, nearly scutelliform, having a central papilla, the rudiment of the future 

 horn-hke process mmediately previous to the bursting of the cells of the antherae, wl ch 

 akes place a httle_ before the expansion of the corolla, the cueulli are completely form;d 3 

 between each, a pair of minute, igh -green fleshy teeth are observable, the single teeth of Vac 

 pair being divided from each other by the descending al^ of the anthers. The glands of uVe 



tl^r^ir.riT?' %?:" .'„^^T„^f" ^''^''?^ -^ ^^^-^^ol^-h - cartilaginous t xture. and a 



brownish-black colour ; 



n?''fwn ^l"';"' 'f "^ fPPeai-ance of a B;;ture,"o7a;y'i;'dicalioroTtS iTa^bg^'ig^^ 

 of two distinct parts : along with them separate also the descending procfsses, which are com 

 pressed, membranous, and light brown; their extremity, which is still unconnected, boin^ more 

 gelatinous but_ not perceptibly thickened. The pollen has acquired the yellow colour and the 

 degree of consistence which it afterwards retains. On the bursting of the cells, the gelatinous 

 extremity of each descending process becomes firmly united with the upper attenuated end of 

 the corresponding mass of pollen. The parts are then in that condition in which they have 

 been commonly examined and are exhibited in the figures of Jacquin, who, having seen them 

 only m this state, naturally considered these plants as truly gynandrous, regarding the masses 

 ot pollen as the antherae, originating in the glands of the stigma, and merely immersed in the 

 open cells of the genuine antherae, which he calls antheriferous sacs; an opinion in which he 

 has been follow-ed by Rottboell, Koellreuter, Cavanilles, Smith, and Desfontaines. The conclusion, 

 to be drawn from the observations now detailed, is sufficiently obvious; but it is necessary to 

 remark, that these observations do not entirely apply to all the plants which I have referred 

 to the Asclepiadoe, some of them, especially Periploca, having a granular pollen, applied in a 

 very ditterent manner to the glands of the stigma: they all, however, agree in having pollen 

 coalescing into masses, which are fixed or applied to processes of the stigma, in a determinate 

 manner; and this Is, in fact, the essential character of the order. Dr. Smith, in the second 

 edition ot his valuable "Introduction to Botany," has noticed my opinion on this subject; but, 

 probably from an indistinctness in the communication, which took place in conversation, has 

 stated It in a manner somewhat different from what I intended to convey to him: for, according 

 JO his statement, the pollen is projected on the stigma. The term projection, however, seems 

 to^ imply some degree of impetus, and at the same time presents the idea of something indeter- 

 minate respecting the part to which the body so projected may be applied. But nothing can 

 _ e more constant than the manner in which the pollen is attached to the processes of the stigma 

 m each species; and as considerable differences in this respect take place In various species, 

 have with advantage employed these in the new generic divisions of the order which I have 

 attempted to establish, and to which I now proceed." 



Chauacteu OF THE Order. Caljx 5-|)arte(l, sepals usually furnished with glands, at the 

 ase Within; aestivation quincuncial. Corolla nionopetalouSjhypogynous, 5-cleft; throat naked 



or variously crowned with glands or appendages; below, more or less extensively adnate with 

 le tube of the stamens; aestivation sub-valvate (the ver/ edge overlapping and therefore, 



^1^^, ^P^^^^ing* imbricate), rarely contorted. Stamens 5, inserted into the base of the corolla, 



aternate with its lobes; filaments cohering, forming a tube round the pistil (Stylostegium or 

 ynostegium), rarely free ; anthers erect, introrse, 2-ceIled or incompletely 4-cened, cells perpen- 

 icular or transverse, apex simple, truncated, acuminate, or fringed with a fine membrane, 

 ^ilen, at the period of the dehiscence of the anther, either cohering in masses equal to the 

 umber of the cells, or occasionally cohering in pairs, or four together, or granular: when 



simply equal to the cells, attached by pairs, one from each of two adjoining anthers, to the 



escending processes of the stigmatic corpuscules; when more numerous (as in Periploceae), 



nernig to the dilated apex of the corpuscules. Ovaries two; ovules numerous, styles two, 



c osely approaching each other, usually very short ; stigma common to both styles, dilated, 



d 



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