﻿^2 Lloyd: On an abnormal cone in the 



mo 



the sheath is continuous and fairly well formed. The foliage 



leaves, on the other hand, have a strongly developed hypoderm 



which is absent only in the regions in which are found the 

 stomata. 



The abnormal cone, which, as has been stated, was produced 

 in the upper portion of the leader, is 45 mm. long, and is made up 

 of seminiferous scales subtended by slightly modified leaves. The 

 scales in the lower portion of the cone are somewhat irregular but 

 differ only in a minor degree from those in the normal cone, while 

 as we pass upwards they become smaller and somewhat irregular 

 and scattered. That they become scattered is due to the failure of 

 the scales to develop in some cases, although a close examination 

 of the axils of the leaves in these cases will discover small struc- 

 tures of bud-like appearance. That these structures are the 



phological equivalents of buds, their origin and position 

 strongly attest. That they would, upon further development, have 

 become ovuliferous scales is equally sure. 



There can be no doubt, therefore, that the scales are developed 

 from the axils and not from the upper faces of the leaves. 

 The scale is, therefore, not * an appendage, a ventral excrescence, 

 a Iigule if it may be so called, of a leaf,"* but rather a reduced 

 and modified branch. In support of the view, first advanced by 

 A. Braun, that the scale represents two connate leaves, it may be 

 said that the irregularity of the scales, when such irregularity 

 occurs, seems to be due in each case to unequal growth of the 

 two halves. This is what would be likely to happen under a 

 slight irregularity of nutrition. Furthermore, the line of connation 

 can be traced in one case by a ridge along the inside of the scale. 



In several of the scales ovules were produced, but these failed 

 of fertilization, and so no seeds were matured. 



The scales are subtended by leaves which differ from the 

 normal leaves in having acute apices and in some cases in being 

 slightly expanded in the lateral portions. In the production of 

 these characters, however, a strong attempt has been made to 

 copy in every respect the normal cone in which the leaves are 

 modified in just this way but to a greater degree. The amount 

 of lateral expansion undegone by the various cone-leaves is greatest 



i-> 



* Eichler : Monatsber. d. k. Acad. d. Wiss7Berlin~i88i. 



