﻿524 Underwood: The ternate Species of Botrychiui 



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when no other course could be logically pursued. In practice, 

 however, as shown below, this principle is not always followed 

 even in the case of monotypic genera and we have in certain 

 cases the anomaly of a Linnaean generic name applied to a 

 group of plants not closely related to the one which was known 

 to Linnaeus or his predecessors, and the Linnaean plant is now 

 known under a totally different generic name. 



2. The second method is to allow the original name to hold 

 for that species or group of species which is left of the original 

 Linnaean series after the successive genera have been taken out. 

 This is known as "the method of residues," and is one commonly 

 practiced. Since Swartz first carved Botrychium from the original 

 Osnmnda of Linnaeus, and Bernhardi followed it up by separating 

 the members of the 0. regain group under the name Struthiopteris, 

 this method applied to the case in hand would require the name 

 Osmunda to stand for the group of species we now know under the 

 name of Anemia. 



3- Another method less frequently employed is to apply the 

 name to the last of the residue left of the original genus as it ex- 

 isted when the first new genus was cut off. This course applied 

 to the case in hand would also result in making the name Osmunda 

 stand for the species of Anemia, since the additions made to the 

 genus Osmunda by Lamarck and Cavanilles all happen to be 

 species of either Botrychium or Anemia, and the former genus was 

 the first to be separated from the Linnaean Osmunda. This plan 

 is one that is sometimes followed far beyond the limits noted 

 above, and the result occasionally happens that a Linnaean name 

 is shifted from group to group of plants until it finally rests with a 

 lot of species with no near relations to the original ones to which 

 the name was first applied, or else as a means of reducing the 

 d»rficulties in the case, some one suggests the dropping of the orig- 

 inal name altogether, as has recently been proposed with the Lin- 

 naean Jungermania and has before been done with such genera as 

 Phallus and Lichen. 



4- A better course, but one which has been rarely used, es- 



peaaily ,n these later days, is to determine pre-Linnaean usage and 



to ascertam the source from which Linnaeus derived his name 

 ong.nally and then apply it to the species or group of species to 



