36 ON THE AWNS OF NEPAUL BARLEY. 
modification in the combinations to be effected between their inter- 
lacing or engrafting tissues. One influence which the presence of the 
bud appears to exert upon the awn, is more or less to check its develop- 
ment, so that its apex (z) is often brought down close to the base of the 
bud, fig. 11, 17, &c., sometimes it is altogether abortive beyond it, 
fig. 13, &e. But the influence which produces the most marked character 
in the awns of this barley, is that which extends the tissue lying 
between the base of the bud and the apex of the awn into the form of 
the lateral wings already noticed, fig. 11, &e (w). The direction of the 
apices of these wings, their structure, and the position of the hair on 
their margins, clearly indicate their formation to bear some degree of 
relation to the bud whose basial leaf is developing in an opposite 
direction to the awn. Crowded together as any of the appendages 
which the bud may produce would often be, and closely connected with 
the wings, we may anticipate various degrees of fusion to take place 
between contiguous parts. The foliaceous expansions, which in some 
examples may be freely developed, would in others be so combined 
by their margins or by their surfaces, as to present the condi- 
tion of a *gamo-membranous" expansion. Thus, at fig. 14, 16, 
where the axis of the awn has not become abortive beyond the base of 
the bud, the margins of the wings have united, and become strongly 
developed. The developing forces, which are now acting in nearly 
opposite directions, cause the awn itself to recurve, whilst a cucullate 
form is also given to the extremity. Where the apex of the awn 
is but little or not at all extended beyond the base of the bud, but 
the wings do not combine at the edges, they are spread out laterally, 
and the appearance is merely hastate (fig. 22). 
In fig. 15 the cucullate expansion has been removed, and we recog- 
nise the position of the developing bud at the place where the awn has 
taken a marked curvature. In fig. 17, 18, 19, the base of the bud 
has been carried forward with the developing awn, to which the 
basialleaf has adhered throughout by its back, its apex alone being 
more or less free. Indeed, this basial leaf is often represented by no 
more than a depression along the middle of the awn, with hair upon 
its margins, fig. 22. Here I may notice an important indication of the 
extent to which the tissue formed in relation to the axis of the bud has 
interfered with that which is in relation to the axis of the awn. This 
is shown by the direction of the hairs on the back of the awns! Under 
