SATYRODES I. 



the time, and finally died, 2d July, before pupating. So that the egg which 

 had been laid in middle of July produced a larva which had not pupated 2d of 

 July the year after. 



The larva which was sent Mrs. Peart in the Fall behaved differently, going on 

 to fourth moult, which it passed 17th October. This lived in lethargy thi'ough 

 the winter, but escaped before its fifth moult. 



The chrysalis figured I received from Mr. Fletcher, 22d August, 1884. Mr. 

 Fletcher writes, 4th February, 1890 : " I genei'ally feed and get the pupae of a 

 dozen or so Canthus every spring. All my larvae have been green, not drab. 

 When the larva is at rest, it lies extended along the leaf, generally beneath the 

 blade, and also alongside the midrib, the horns of the head and tails in a line 

 with the body, and it is very hard to detect it when at rest." My observa- 

 tions are to the same effect, that when at rest, these larvse have their heads 

 turned down and under, so that the horns are nearly in same plane with the 

 body, after the manner of larvae of Apatura, also of Neonympha. But when feed- 

 ing, the tails are elevated. Mrs. Peart has well shown this in figure /^ When 

 in this position, one extremity in profile is almost the same as the other, and the 

 dorsum, being elevated in middle segments and sloping equally either way, 

 makes the beholder uncertain at first view which is the head and which is the 

 other extremity. 



The species Canthus, Portlandla, Gemma, and Areolatus, placed in three 

 genera, have some points, in the early stages, in common, and in others a curious 

 interrelationship. The shape of the egg is the same in all ; in Portlandia, the 

 surface is smooth, even under a high power ; in Canthus, it is smooth, but a high 

 power brings out reticulations similar to those of the remaining two species, 

 which are nearly alike. The heads of the young larvae of Portlandla and Can- 

 thus are ovoidal, truncated, of Areolatus, ovoidal, but approaching a circle in out- 

 line, in Gemma more decidedly circular ; Canthus has on each vertex a depres- 

 sion, out of the middle of which rises a low cone ; Portlandia has the cone with- 

 out the depression ; ^reoto/i<s has an ovoid knob ; while Gemma begins with a 

 pair of high, divergent, conical horns. At first moult, Portlandia shows a pair 

 of widely separated, high, conical processes or horns on head; Carithus a pair much 

 resembling, but coming near together at base ; Gemma long, tapering, divergent 

 horns ; Areolatus has a low cone on each vertex ; and in each species the pecu- 

 liar style of process runs through all the larval stages. As to the appendages on 

 the bodies of the young larvae, Canthus, Gemma, and Areolatus are very nearly 

 alike, in Portlandia they are everywhere longer. In maturity, Portlandia and 

 Areolatus are rather stout. Gemma and Canthus quite slender ; and all four have 

 long, slender, tapering tails. As to the chrysalids, Portlandia and Areolatus are 

 very much the same shape, while Gemma and Canthus difl'er from them consider- 



