GRAFT A I. 



Canadian Entomologist, X, p. 69, 1878, I gave a statement of farther observa- 

 tions to tlate, and said that, at Coalburgh, W. Va., there were three broods of 

 the imago annually in descent from the hibernators, and an effort, more or less 

 successful, towards a fourth, depending on the temperature in the fall months 

 and the consequent length of the mild season. That some individuals hiber- 

 nated, and the females surviving laid their eggs in the last days of April or early 

 in May. From these eggs came butterflies the last of May or first of June. 

 That the second laying occurred in June and the butterflies therefrom appeared 

 early in July ; that the third laying took place the last of July and the butter- 

 flies appeared in September, some as early as the first, others late in the month. 

 That females of this brood, which is the third of the year, laid eggs about the 

 middle of September, and the butterflies from them came out in October. But 

 that the larvae were now liable to be caught by cold weather and destroyed, or 

 the food plant was cut off, and so they starved, the result being that few could 

 reach chrj-salis and imago. And that I was inclined to think that the butterflies 

 of the third brood did not hibernate, and the continuance of the species here 

 depended on the few individuals which survived from the earlier imagos of the 

 fourth brood. In no other way could I account for the scarcity of this species in 

 spring as compared with G. Comma. There then followed a statement of the 

 several lots of eggs I had bred from up to end of 1877. 



Four years later, in same magazine, XIV, p. 201, 1882, I brought the history 

 to date, and stated that the hibernating form was Fabricil, but that I had seen 

 one Umbrosa flying so early in the year that it also must have hibernated. 

 That on the only occasion on which I had been al)le to get a hibernated female 

 of Fahricll to lay eggs in confinement, the result was wholly the other form, 

 Umbrosa. That eggs laid by the females of Umhrosa of the first brood in 

 descent from the hibernators had produced either a mixed brood or all Umhrosa. 

 That eggs laid by the females of Umhrosa of the second brood in descent from 

 the hibernatoi's had also produced a mixed brood, with a greater proportion of 

 Fabricil than in the preceding brood ; and that eggs laid by Umbrosa of the 

 third brood, or larvae found late in the year, had in all cases produced Fabricil 

 only. Also that all the butterflies so far seen late in the year had been of the 

 form Fabricii. 



I now bring the observations spoken of together, and supplement them with 

 others to end of 1888. As will be seen, the eggs, save in one instance, have 

 been laid by Umhrosa females. That is because in all these years (since 1870) 

 I have found no Fabricil females to breed from, while from July to September, 

 in every year, Umbrosa is in abundance. Nearly all the Fabricii I have seen 

 have been late in the fall, though the I'esult of breeding in summer shows that 

 there must be many Fabricii flying. 



