GRAPTA I. 



Professor Lintner, in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, II, p. 315, 18G9, says of the 

 species: "During the first week of July, 1861, there were brought to me, at 

 Schoharie, N. Y., 14 larvas and chrysalids. The larvsB were mature and in a day 

 or two pupated. The imagines proved to be every one of the 'blaclv variety' 

 {[/mbroiiu), .3 J 11 $ ." This of cour.se was the first brood. " About tlie middle 

 of July several other seemingly identical larvie were taken hy me, wliich. 

 emerging the last of the month, gave the ordinary Interrorjatlonis [Fahrk-U)." 

 This would be the second brood. '• I collected, on August 10th, two chrysalids 

 and twenty larva3 from one half inch to nearly full size. During the ensuing two 

 weeks many additional larvtB were taken by me." etc. As the result, about 110 

 Infer rogationls {Fahrlc'd) were obtained and not a single Umbrosa. These 

 would be the third brood. In the same paper, Mr. Lintner speaks of the rarity of 

 Umbrosa, and says " it seldom falls into the hands of a collector." This was at 

 Schoharie, in tlie heart of the Hop region, and was written before the seasonal 

 dimorphism of the species was known, and when the two foru)s were recognized 

 as distinct species. 



Mr. Scudder, But. N. E., I, p. 330, says there are but two broods in New 

 England. " The eggs laid by the hibernating females produce nearly but not all 

 Umbrosa, and the eggs of the last brood almost invariably only Fabrlcli.'' And 

 he gives the experience of Professor Carl Braun, of Bangor, Maine, as decisive. 

 But the experience of Mr. F. H. Sprague, in eastern Massachusetts, also given, 

 seems to show that in that State there are three broods. " Mr. Sprague's expe- 

 rience tells the same story, excepting in 1887, when, he writes me, ' the August 

 brood was mixed, about evenly divided between the two forms.' He adds that 

 the later ones, which he looks on as a third brood, were Fubrlcii, though an 

 Umbrosa was reared the last week of August ; so, too, I bred, about the middle 

 of October, a single male of the form Umbrosa." Mr. Sprague's observations go 

 to show that the first brood is Umbrosa, the second mixed, the third I'dhricii. 

 Mr. Lintner's second brood came out all Fubrlc'd, and Miss Morton's all Umbrosa. 

 It is mucli to be wished that a series of careful observations of this species, with 

 breeding from the Qg^, could be made in the region of three broods, as in New 

 York, for satisfactory comparison with those to the north and the south, the two 

 and four-brooded rearions. 



I wrote Professor Braun for the particulars of the broods raised by him at 

 Bangor. On the 12th June, 1886, he shut up a female Fabrlclu and by 19th 

 (keeping the insect alive by feeding it molasses) there were 110 eggs. These 

 hatched from 27th to 30th June, and the larval stages required 17 days, the 

 pupal 5. This brings the emergence of the images to middle of July. The 

 result was Umbrosa, except 2 J Fabricu. This was the first brood in descent. 



