GRAPTA I. 



Professor Braun writes that the same year, by 10th August, he had 24 eggs 

 laid by Umbrosa, and the butterflies from them came out between the 20th and 

 25th September, and were all Fahricii. He adds : " Tiiere are only two broods 

 of this insect in Maine." 



As stated, Mr. Scudder had an Umbrosa from pupa in October. Miss Morton 

 saw a fresh Umbrosa in northeastern New Jersey, 14th October, 1888. I 

 myself have seen an Umbrosa, at Coalburgh, which had hibernated. But these 

 are exceptions to the rule that the last brood of the year from Maine to Florida, 

 in regions where tliere are two, three, and four broods, is Fahricii. 



According to Mr. Scudder, Inter rag aiionis is very rare north of the boundary 

 line of the United States, and then only in Ontario and Quebec, in the latitude 

 of New England. So that nowhere in its territory is the species represented by 

 a singjle form. 



Wiiere a species is already two-brooded and the length and warmth of the 

 .season permits a third brood, the original hibernating form would seem to be the 

 one to lay eggs from which would come the hibernating imagos. In the present 

 case, Fabricii being the hibernator where there are but two broods, the first in 

 descent will be Umbrosa, the second Fabricii, this last hibernating. If there 

 are to be three broods, the Fabricii would seem to be the form to lay eggs, and 

 these might be expected to produce Umbrosa as the liibernators. If a fourth 

 brood was reached, Fabricii would be the hibernator as it was at first, when the 

 species was two-brooded. That is, we should expect the odd broods to be Um- 

 brosa, the even Fabricii. But it is found that in all latitudes, in New England, 

 in Virginia, in Florida, the original winter form remains the winter form, and 

 the middle one of three broods, or the second and third of four broods, are made 

 up of both forms. These interior broods seem to be interpolated between the 

 original summer and winter broods. Apparently, the heat of summer disposes 

 to Umbrosa, while the tendency to alternate produces Fabricii, and the result is 

 a mixed brood. But late in the season, one tendency overcomes the other, and 

 the last brood everywhere is Fabricii. 



In Vol. I, I gave the food plants as Hop, Elm, Nettle, and Bcehmeria. To 

 these I add Hackberry, Celtis, of any species, but the preference is for the two 

 first-named, Hop early in the season, Elm in August and September. I have 

 near my house a preserve of Elm sprouts which are cut down in July, to be 

 soon replaced by a fresh growth. It is on the tender terminal leaves of these 

 that the female prefers to lay her eggs, usually on the under side of the leaf, 

 either singly or in strings of two to eight. I had supposed the number of ribs 



