GRAPTA INTERROGATIONIS. 



separating band and border (Fig. 5). The other 8pots on same wing are not 

 at all changed. 



In the fifth female, the one from chrysalis exposed twenty days, the band is 

 l^resent, but while it is broad and crosses the space between the patches, it is not 

 continuous, but includes on its outer side a series of obscure fulvous lunules. 

 While it may have been changed, there is no certainty of it, because individuals 

 are sometimes bred or taken having the same peculiarity. One such is figured 

 in Vol. I (Fig. 3, PI. 39). 



In all the males, the patches are diifused, those at the apices almost coalescing 

 with the borders. In the three from fourteen days' exposure the patches are 

 connected by a narrow band (Fig. 3). In the four from twenty days this band 

 is macular but decided (Fig. 4). As in the females, all the change is limited to 

 the extra-discal area of fore wing. In the females no change was noticed on 

 under sides. In the males, perhaps none also in the markings, but it was stated 

 in the first account that the colors of all were intense, with more red than in a 

 series of natural examples. But the delicate shades are evanescent, and to-day 

 I do not see the peculiarities I noticed two years ago. For this reason no figure 

 of the under side is given. 



It appeared, therefore, that fourteen days was as effective in producing changes 

 as a longer period. In fact, the most decided change was found to have taken 

 place in the females which were exposed the shorter period. Also that cold, in 

 case of this Grapta, changed certain markings only, and that the females were 

 most susceptible to the influence. 



In 1878, I had put chrysalids of Grapta Comma on ice at from ten minutes to 

 six hours after j^upation, some therefore being quite soft and none fully hard- 

 ened, and lost every one of them. This led me to expose the Interrogationls in 

 1879, at from six to twenty hours from pupation, after hardening had taken 

 place. 



One object I had in view in these experiments was to learn whether exposing 

 the summer chrysalids would result in producing the winter form of the butter- 

 fly (Fabricii). But all were Umbrosa. 



I should have continued these experiments in subsequent years, but at Coal- 

 burgh we rarely have ice. 



