GRAPTA I. 



yellow ridge, and from this up to second laterals the ground is crossed by abbre- 

 viated white stripes or patches, particularly on the last half of the segments ; 

 above this the side is black ; but individuals vary in the extent of this black 

 area, and sometimes the same area is vinous-red ; the spiracles black in broad 

 white rings; at the bases of the second laterals, from 9 to 11 or 7 to 11, is 

 usually a fulvous or orange patch, varying in extent ; tlie spines long, tapering, 

 each with from three to five spiuules a little below the summit and one which is 

 the prolongation of the spine itself; those of the dorsal and upper lateral i-ow 

 are largest and longest, each with five spinules, besides one or two lower down, 

 and some very small ones nearer base ; those of second lateral row are of medium 

 leno-th, with four branches ; and those of the lower row are shortest and have 

 three and four branches ; in the green and white varieties all the spines and 

 branches are whitish or yellow, in the black, the spines are yellow, mostly black- 

 tipped, but those of first lateral row are sometimes black to their bases, those of 

 second row sometimes wholly, sometimes but partly black ; 2 has a collar of six 

 simple spines, and two others are on each side ; under side either greenlsli or 

 brown-yellow ; head rather square, higher than broad, with high vertices ; in 

 tlie light examples the color of head is dull pink, in the dark ones black, shining, 

 sometimes with a forked whitish stripe down front ; on each vertex a short, stout 

 process, cylindrical, compressed in the middle, broad at the top, crowned by five 

 equal, blunt-tipped spines around a sixth in the middle ; each with hair ; these 

 processes are black in the black larvas, and in the light ones either red or red 

 with black tops ; face and whole head thickly covered with simple white spines of 

 variable length, all white, except that sometimes there are one or tAvo of the 

 longer ones on^ side face below the vertex which are black, or black and white ; 

 along back of head and down the sides is a row of these spines close set. From 

 fourth moult to pupation five days. 



Chrysalis. — Length .8 to .9 inch ; greatest breadth .24 to .26 inch ; cylin- 

 drical ; head case high, compressed transversely ; at each vertex a long, conical 

 process; the mesonotum elevated, the carina very prominent, thin, nose-like, 

 followed by a deep excavation ; wing cases raised, flaring at base, compressed in 

 middle, with a point on the margin ; on the abdomen three rows of tubercles, 

 those corresponding to the doi'sal row of the larva small, to the first laterals 

 large and conical, the pair in the middle of the series particularly prominent, and 

 those in the excavation silvered, gilded, or bronzed, varying ; color variable, 

 many examples being dark brown, with lighter or with yellow-brown, and much 

 reticulated with dark lines ; others are dead-leaf brown ; others are light, up to 

 dead-white, shaded slightly with yellow-brown, with a bronze lustre over the wing 

 cases and anterior dorsal parts. Duration of this stage about seven days. 



