GRAPTA I. 



were resting under their completed awnings, two under one, as at first, and had 

 fed off the tip end of the leaf. I had to transfer them to a larger plant, and the 

 next day found two under one leaf, which had been brought together during the 

 night. The third larva was on the upper side of its leaf and had closed that 

 next base. Later, this larva had drawn down the top of the plant and was con- 

 cealed very much after the manner of the larva of P. Atalanta, which uses this 

 same plant. Here it passed the fourth moult. By which it appears that these 

 larvJB can adapt themselves to circumstances. I noticed that at the older stages 

 the ribs were not bitten, nor were the edges of the leaf cut, the larva being able 

 to draw down the edges and sides without that aid. When lying under the 

 shelter they are at the inmost part, and are curled up much like figure 6. I 

 have occasionally found two larva3 under one tent on Hop. So far as I know, 

 pupation does not take place under the tent, but the larva seeks a suitable and 

 protected place at a distance. 



The nearest ally of Comma is G. Satyrus, figured with its larva in Vol. I, 

 pi. 40, a species common in the Pacific States to the Rocky Mountains, and 

 which has occasionally been taken as far to the east as Montreal, Canada. An ex- 

 ample has also been taken in the Adirondacks of New York, by Mr. W. W. Hill. 

 I received a large number of chrysalids of Satyrus, perhaps fifty, from Mr. H. K. 

 Morrison, sent from Olympia, W. T., and not one gave imago. Each was filled 

 with multitudes of dipterous larvJB. If this pest is found elsewhere as at 

 Olympia, it would seem that the Grapta has a severe struggle for existence. 

 Satyrus, like Comma, is seasonally as well as sexually dimorphic, the second 

 form being Marsyas, figured in Vol. H, pi. 34. The larva? much resemble those 

 of Comma and protect themselves in precisely the same manner. These are the 

 only American species of the genus known to have this peculiar habit. 



I placed twenty-six chrysalids of Comma, at from ten minutes to six hours 

 from pupation, on ice, and kept them at a low temperature for eighteen and 

 twenty days. All were killed, and since then, for want of ice, I have been 

 unable to repeat the experiment. Perhaps better results would have been 

 obtained had the pupae been from twelve to twenty-four hours old. 



