20 Injurious and Beneficial Insects. 



the tail and a transverse loop, and their chrysalids are angular 

 at the sides and pointed at both ends (Harris). The butterfly 

 is white with the wings dusky next the body, the tips of the fore 

 wings are yellowish beneath, and the hind wings are straw- 

 colored beneath. The yellowish, pear-shaped, longitudinally 

 ribbed eggs, are laid three or four on a single leaf. In a week 

 or ten days the larvae are hatched. They live three weeks before 

 becoming full-fed. The chrysalis state lasts from ten to twelve 

 days. There is an early summer (May) brood and a late sum- 

 mer (July) brood of butterflies." 



While this kind feeds on the leaves of the cabbage and 

 turnip, the Southern cabbage butterfly (^Pieris Protodice^, while 

 in the caterpillar state, feeds on the outer leaves of the cabbage 

 plant. It is often destructive in market gardens in the Middle 

 and Southern States. 



The European Rape butterfly (^Pleris rapcB Schrank) is, how- 

 ever, a much more formidable insect, as it is more abundant 

 where it occurs, and the caterpillar feeds inside of the cabbage- 

 head when forming. 



It was introduced from Europe to Quebec about the year 1857, 

 having been captured in 1859 by Mr. Bowles, of that city. It 

 rapidly spread into New England along the different railroads 

 leading in from Canada, and is now common about Boston and 

 New York. During the past year it has done much damage in 

 gardens in Monmouth County, New Jersey, as I am informed by 

 Dr. S. Lockwood. About Quebec it annually destroys 250,000 

 dollars' worth of cabbages, according to the Abbe Provancher. 

 It is evident that, in this newly arrived insect, we have another 

 formidable pest added to our list of imported insects. 



As I have not personally had an opportunity of studying this 

 insect, the following account is taken from Curtis' Farm Insects. 

 The male butterfly (Fig. 9) is white, with the tips of the fore 



wings black, dusted with white, 

 I while on the fore wings is a, 

 single, and in the female (Fig. 

 10) there are two large black 

 spots, situated two-thirds of the 

 distance from the base to the 

 outer edge of the wino;. It ex- 



