14 Injurious and Beneficial Insects. 



Tigoroiis shaking of the bushes over a sheet, or newspaper, re- 

 peated twice a day will keep this insect within moderate bounds. 



INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE. 



The Apple Leiopus. (Plate 1, Fig. 1, Leiopvs facetus Say.) 

 This new borer in the limbs of the apple was found June 11th 

 in all its stages of growth in the rotten limb of an apple-tree in 

 Chelsea, by Mr. C. A. "^alker. The grubs, or larvae, were fully 

 grown, and more numerous than the pupae or adult beetles. 

 How destructive it is, or what the habits of the grubs are must 

 be ascertained by further observation. It is evident from the 

 facts already known, that there is probably but one brood of 

 beetles a year ; that they fly about and lay their eggs in the 

 bark of the tree late in June, and probably during July ; and 

 that the young larvae bore in under the bark, and become fully 

 grown in the autumn, spending the winter under the bark prob- 

 ably both in the larva and pupa states, the beetles appearing 

 during midsummer. 



The larva is rather long and slender, covered with fine hairs, 

 and the end of the abdomen is rather blunt. The abdominal 

 segments are very convex, and deeply separated by a wide 

 suture. The thorax is about a third wider than the rest of the 

 body. The three thoracic segments together are as long as they 

 are wide. The prothoracic, or segment next the head, is some- 

 what lunate, and rather longer than the two surrounding seg- 

 ments ; on the upper side is a slightly marked somewhat horny, 

 square plate, but there is no thickening of the skin on the back 

 of the succeeding segments, as usual in the larvas of the family 

 (Cerambycidae) to which this borer belongs. It agrees in all 

 respects with the larva of Leiopus xanUioxyli Shimer, except 

 that the head is considerably smaller, including the under side 

 and the mouth-parts, while the body is not so thick. In all 

 other respects the description of the prickly ash borer (L. xantlv- 

 oxyli) will agree with the present larva, for the larvae of the two 

 species, which differ very considerably in the beetle state, would 

 be easily confounded. The same remedies may be used against 

 this insect as against the well known striped apple-tree borer 

 (^Saperda Candida}. 



The beetle itself is a slender, smooth-backed species with no 

 ribs on the wing covers. It is pale ash gray, with a slight pur- 



