22 



abdomen are six small tubercles, three each side of tip, each of which carries a long, stout 

 hair, which is as long as the whole body. The body above shows six rows of secretory 

 pores, four along the middle and one on each side. More or less regular rows of hairs 

 alternate with these pores. 



Female Larva — Second Stage. — According to Maskell and Comstock, there are but three 

 stages of growth in the female after hatching, and these are readily distinguished by the 

 number of antennal joints; the larva of the first stage having six, that of the second nine, 

 and the adult eleven. Messrs. Coquillet and Koebele came to the same conclusions, and 

 all have overlooked a form which we have found quite abundantly among the material we 

 have studied, and which seems to constitute an intermediate stage between the so called 

 first and second, and which is, of course, produced by an additional molt which we have 

 personally observed in the field. Hence the so called "second stage" of these authors be- 

 comes third, while the adult female is fourth instead of third, and there are three molts 

 instead of two. 



This new intermediate form (Figure 14) differs from the female larva of the first stage in 

 the following respects: It is much more rounded and of a stouter general appearance. 

 The antennse have the same number of joints, six, but their relative proportions are quite 

 difTerent. The antennae, as a whole, are relatively much shorter. Joint one is short and 

 stout, its length equaling its breadth ; joint two equals joint one in length, but is not quite 

 so broad; joint three is as broad as joint two, but is twice as long; joints four and five are 

 equal in length and width, each narrowing somewhat at base and tip, each considerably 

 narrower than joint three, and each of the same length as joint two; joint six (club) is of 

 an irregular shape — at base it is as narrow as joint five, but it broadens until it is slightly 

 wider than two or three, and its tip is narrowed again; its shape is that of an irregular 

 rhomboid, with rounded angles and sides, the acutest angles at base and tip. The anten- 

 nse carry about the same number of hairs as in the first stage, but those homologous with 

 the four very long hairs of the club in that stage are in the second stage but little longer 

 than the other antennal hairs. The eyes do not appear on the margin of the body, and 

 are only seen on a ventral view. The legs are proportionately much shorter, and the 

 femora "are stouter; the trochanters are broader distally, and consequently form a broader 

 triangle in shape. The six tubercles at the anal end of the body are still present; but the 

 hairs which they bear are much shorter. The secretory pores are no longer arranged in 

 rows, but are scattered sparsely over the back and under the sides. The back is more 

 hairy, and the short black hairs occur in irregular tufts. 



Female Larva — Third Stage (Figure 15). — That which has heretofore been considered the 

 second stage, and which, as we have just seen, is the third, may be described as follows: 



The body is broadly oval in shape, and reddish brown in color, but is soon obscured 

 more or less bj' the "thick, curly, cotton-like excretion. The antenntie are nine-jointed 

 instead of six, and are subcylindrical, tapering somewhat from base to tip. .Joints four, 

 five .six, seven, and eight are subequal in length, and each is about as long as broad ; joints 

 two and three are broader and considerably longer; joint one is like the corresponding 

 joint in the previous stage; joint nine (club) is a suboval joint, proportionately much 

 smaller than in the previous stages; it does not exceed joint eight in width, and it does 

 not equal joints seven and eight together in length. The long hairs of the club are pro- 

 portionately quite short. The insect, as a whole, is much more hairy than in either of the 

 previous stages. The hairs are short and black, and show a marked tendency to grow 

 together in tufts; even when their bases are well separated, their tips turn toward each 

 other, or toward the common center of a group; they are quite thickly scattered over the 

 thorax, but less so over the abdomen ; all around the edge of the body they appear in close 

 tufts, and the concentric subdorsal ring of tufts which is so prominent in the next stage 

 is plainly seen in this. The secretory pores are scattered irregularly all over the back, and 

 are more numerous than in the previous stage; they also occur under the lateral edges of 

 the body. They are small and circular, and seen directly from above have a double out- 

 line, indicating a circular central orifice. Around the edge of the body is a row of much 

 larger pores, brown in color, which protrude from the bod}^, masked by the lateral tufts of 

 hairs, each with a circular crown or lip at tip, from which proceeds a long, fragile, glassy 

 tube. (Figure 16.) The legs and feet are a little stouter than before, the tarsal digitules 

 are shorter, and their enlarged tips quite indistinct. The six anal hairs are still present, 

 though hardly noticeable as they protrude from the mass of shorter hairs. 



The Adult Female — Fourth Stage (Figure 17). — Immediately after the molt by which the 

 insect passes into this stage, it is free from the waxj^ excretion, and presents a broad, oval 

 form, flattened below and quite strongl.y convex above, with two prominent raised surfaces 

 on the second and third thoracic segments. Its color is still reddish brown, with several 

 darker spots, especially ujion the front half and along the sides of the posterior half of the 

 body, and the antennse and legs are black. The antennse are now eleven-jointed instead of 

 nine ; joint one is nearly twice as wide as long ; joints two and three are subequal in length 

 and thickness, and are each somewhat longer than broad; joint four is a little more than 

 half as long as three, and is narrower; joints five, six, seven, eight, nine, and ten increase 

 gradually and slightly in length, and decrease verv slightly in width ; joint eleven (club) is 

 irregularly ovoid, and is one and a half times as long as ten ; the special hairs are a little 

 shorter than in the previous stage. The whole body is furnished with short, black hairs, 

 more numerous than in the last stage, arranged in tufts, particularly around the edge, 

 where they occur in a double parallel row, the inner row being practically subdorsal and 

 accentuated by a slight ridge. Down the central portion of the dorsum of the abdomen 

 the segments are indicated by the transverse rows of hair tufts. The secretory pores are 



