exceedingly abundant, occurring in enormous numbers just under the lateral edges of the 

 body, and scattered more sparsely over the back. The individual wax filaments which 

 issue from these pores are verj' delicate and curly, and there is reason to suppose that 

 two or three issue at one time from one pore, as they are frequently seen connected at 

 base; the pore opening, however, seems to have a single simple opening. The inner row 

 of tufts on the back is broken at its anal point by a depression, in which is situated a very 

 large pore, from which the insect occasionally ejects a globule of a semi-liquid honej'-dew. 

 This depression is surrounded by an irregular ring of hairs, which are yellowish in color 

 instead of black. The glassy filaments arising from the large tubular pores described in 

 the last stage are now very long, and radiate from the body in almost every direction. 

 They break off easily, yet still often reach a length double that of the insect and her egg- 

 sac together. What is probably the opening of the oviduct is situated on the under side 

 of the seventh abdominal segment. It is surrounded by a transversely oval chitinous 

 ring. 



The Egg-Sac— As the body of the female begins to swell from the eggs forming inside, 

 the beginning of the egg-sac is made. The female lies flat on the bark, the edges of the 

 bod}' turned slightly upward, and the waxy material of which the sac is composed begins 

 to issue from countless pores on the under side of the body, but more especially along the 

 sides below. As the secretion advances the body is raised, the cephalic end being still 

 attached, until, near the completion of the sac, the insect is, apparently, standing on its 

 head, nearly at right angles to the surface to which it is attached. The egg-laying com- 

 mences as soon as a thin hiyer of the secretion has formed on the under side of the ab- 

 domen, and it continues during the formation of the sac. There soon appears around the 

 edge of the abdomen a narrow ring of white felt-like wax, which is divided into a number 

 of flutings. These flutings grow in length, and the mass of eggs and wax under them 

 increases, forcing the female upward until the sac is completed. When completed, it is 

 from two to two and one half times the length of the female's body. It is of snow white 

 color, and the outside is covered with fifteen of these longitudinal ridges, or flutings, of 

 subequal size, except that the middle one is smaller than the others. The upper part of 

 the sac is firm in texture, but the lower is looser and thinner, and from the middle of the 

 under side the young make their escape soon after hatching. The size of the sac and the 

 length of time required in its growth depends, leaving the weather and the health of the 

 food-plant out of consideration, upon the number of eggs which the female deposits. So 

 long as oviposition continues, the secretion of wax accompanies it, and the egg mass 

 grows. Concerning the rate of growth, Mr. Coquillett gives the following instance: 



" On the fourth of May of the jjresent season I marked a large number of females which 

 were located upon the trunk of an orange tree that was not in a very healthy condition. 

 These females had just begun to secrete the cottony matter, the latter at this date being 

 in the form of short but broad tufts around the margin of the abdomen, those at the hind 

 end of the latter being longest. By the thirty-first of May the cottony matter was equal 

 in length to one third of the female's body, and by the middle of July it about equaled 

 in length the entire body of the female. As the egg-masses of some of the females upon 

 the same tree were longer by one half than the bodies of the females which produced 

 them, it is very probable that at least another month must elapse before the egg-masses 

 of the females which 1 observed would be completed. It is altogether likely, however, 

 that these egg-masses would have been completed in a shorter time had the females been 

 located upon a healthy tree. The egg-masses found upon healthy trees attain larger size 

 than those found upon sickly trees, owing, doubtless, to the fact that the females living 

 upon trees of the former kind are more vigorous than those upon unhealthy trees." 



The Male Larva— Probable Second Stage.— 'S either Mr. Coquillett nor Mr. Koebele were 

 able to distinguish the male larvse iintil these had reached the stage in which they form 

 their cocoons. Among the specimens studied at the Department, and which were sent 

 alive from Los Angeles by Mr. Koebele, we have found a larval form which has not yet 

 been described, and which we strongly suspect may be the male in the second stage. 

 This form is illustrated at Figure 18. 'It differs from our supposed second stage of the 

 female in its more slender form, longer and stouter legs, and longer and stouter antennae. 

 The legs and antenna; are not only relatively longer and stouter, 1)ut are absolutely so. 

 The body above is much more thickly clothed with the short stout hairs than the corre- 

 sponding female stage, and the mentlim is longer and darker colored. The antennae are 

 six-jointed, and the joints have precisely the same strange relative proportions as in the 

 female. The secretory pores are present, but not quite so numerous as in the female. 



3fale Larva— Third Stage.— In this, the third or last larval stage, the male is readily dis- 

 tinguished with the naked eye from the female in any stage by the narrower, more 

 elongate, more flattened, and "evenlv convex form of his body, as well as by his greater 

 activity in crawling about the trunk or branches of a tree. More careful examination 

 shows that the beak is entirely wanting, the tubercle from which it arises in the earher 

 stages being replaced by a shallow triangular depression. The body is almost naked, 

 being very sparsely covered with a short, white, cottony matter, and is destitute of the 

 short but stout black hairs which are found upon the body of the female during the third 

 and fourth stages of her life. In the absence of black spots and in the lune-jonited 

 antennae, he agrees with the similar or third stage of the female, and the average length 

 when full grown is about 3 mm. and diameter about 1 mm. 



The Male Piqm and Cocoon.— When the male larva has reached full growth and is ready 

 to transform, it wanders about in search of a place of concealment, finally secreting itself 

 under a bit of projecting bark, under some leaves in the crotch of a tree, or even wedg- 



