24 



ing itself down under a mass of females. Very frequently, probably in the majority of 

 cases, it descends to the ground and hides under a clod of earth, or works its way into 

 some crack in the ground. Having concealed itself, it becomes quiescent, and the deli- 

 cate, flossy substance of which the cocoon is formed begins to exude abundantly from 

 the body. This material is waxy in its character, but is lighter and more flossy, and less 

 adhesive than that of which the egg-sac of the female is composed. After a certain 

 amount has been exuded, the larva moves backward very slowly, the exudation continu- 

 ing until the mass is from 7 mm. to 10 mm. in length. From this method of retrogres- 

 sion it happens that the body of the larva is frequently seen protruding posteriorly from 

 the mass, which naturally leads to the erroneous conclusion that the material is secreted 

 more abundantly from the fore part of the body, whereas the reverse is the case. When the 

 mass has reached the proper length the larva casts its skin, which remains in the hind 

 end of the cocoon, and pushes itself forward into the middle of the cocoon. 



Figure No. 18. 



Figure No. 19. 



The pupa (Figure 19) has the same general color as the larva, the antennae, legs, and 

 wing-pads being paler and the eyes dark. It has also the same general form and size. 

 All the members are free and slightly movable, so that they vary in position, though or- 

 dinarily the antennae are pressed close to the side, reaching to basal part of metathorax 

 (ventrally); the wing-pads also against the side, elongate-ovate in form and reaching the 

 second abdominal joint. The legs are rather shorter than the diameter of the body, and 

 the front pair thrust forward. The anal end is deeply excavated, the abdominal joints 

 well separated, tlie mesonotum well developed, and the pronotum tuberculous are with 

 some eight prominences; but there are no other structural peculiarities. The surface is, 

 however, more or less thickly covered with waxy filaments, which are sometimes exuded 

 in sufficient quantities to give quite a mealy appearance. 



Whenever the pupifi are taken from the cocoon and placed naked in a tin box, they 

 exude a certain amount of wax, often enough to partially hide them from view. If dis- 

 turbed, they twist and bend their bodies quite vigorously. 



The cocoon is of an irregular, elongate shape, appearing a little denser in the center 

 where the pupa has placed itself, and at the edges delicate and translucent. The material 

 of which the cocoon is composed is very delicate, and appears like the finest cotton, but 

 on submission to a gentle heat it melts as readily as the coarser secretion of the female, 

 and leaves the larva or pupa, as the case may be, clean and exposed. 



The Adult Male (Figure 20).— The following detailed description is drawn up from nu- 

 merous specimens both mounted and living: 



