41 



liable to have the foliage burnt; especially is this the case with the Yellow 

 Bellflower. 



In using the Paris green it has been found convenient to mix a few 

 pounds of soap to the barrel. This helps to keep the Paris green suspended, 

 otherwise it settles very rapidly and only continual stirring will keep it 

 afloat. In spraying a fine nozzle should be used and the aim should be to 

 wet every blossom. 



I am opposed to the use of Paris green, when used later than the time 

 of the apples turning on their stems. Too much poison may lodge on the 

 apples by the stem-end, rendering it decidedly dangerous. For a third 

 spraying whale-oil soap and sulphide of soda is preferable. Although not 

 an active poison, it seems to deter the moth from laying its eggs, and those 

 laid are nauseated by the compound. 



London Purple. 



London purple is another arsenical compound. It is the residue from the manufacture 

 of analine dyes, and contains lime, arsenious acid, and carbonaceous matter. It is more 

 soluble, more adhesive, less poisonous, and especially for the last reason has its strong 

 advocates. 



However, its very solubility makes it much more destructive to foliage, 

 and in moist localities it is unsafe to use, except when the foliage is very 

 little developed. Arsenious acid, it is contended, can be used with as much 

 safety as any of the other compounds, but its innocent appearance is an 

 objection, when the carelessness of the average man is considered. I have 

 used it at the rate of one pound to six hundred gallons, applied early in the 

 season. 



Sulphur. 



In a report of a horticultural institution in Germany — Geisenheim-on- 

 the-Rhine — R. Goethe, Director, I find record of partial success, obtained 

 by scattering sulphur a number of times on the fruit. 



Measures to Catch the Larvse. 



Banding S)/stern. — This mode of protection, which has been practiced in the Eastern 

 States, has been tried in this State more than any other. Its usefulness is based on the 

 observed habit of the larvie when leaving the apple to seek shelter under the bark. The 

 band about the tree provides artificial shelter for the worm, and the majority of the larvae, 

 no doubt, find their way to this; but a sufficient niunber for giving future trouble find 

 other hiding places on fences, buildings, etc., and perhaps more than anywhere else under 

 clods at the foot of the tree; and it is here, in an old orchard, that I have almost inva- 

 riably found cocoons. To make the banding system more effective, the ground right 

 around the tree, as well as the whole orchard, should be thoroughly pulverized. The 

 greatest obstacle to the success of the banding system is the neglect of one orchard owner, 

 while his neighbor conscientiously and thoroughly performs the work. The neglect or 

 half-done work of one person among his trees, is siifficieut to counterbalance the attent- 

 ive and thorough work of many others around him. It is evident that in a thickly set- 

 tled community, unless all concerned do their duty, the work will be largely in vain. 



Picking off Infested Fruit. 



The practice of picking off infested fruit, of course comes under the 

 same head as the band system. In that it aims at a reduction or exter- 

 mination of the next brood, it should go hand in hand with the band sys- 

 tem. It is also open to the objection that unless the neighbors do their 

 duty little good is accomplished. 



ThisselTs Tmj)- 

 The so called moth trap, invented 1)v INlr. Thissell, of Winters, is founded on the same 

 idea as the band, but is arranged so tluit when the motli hatches it remains in the trap. 

 This trap consists of a collar of tin, to which a piece of wire cloth is attached. The collar 

 is in the middle, so as to hold the wire away from the tree. A piece of sack is placed 

 around the tree. The wire cloth is gathered above and below the collar and fastened 



4P 



