51 



Remedies. 



The following was recommended by the United States Entomologist 

 some years ago, and seems to work well: 



Take cabbage leaves and cut them up into pieces and dip them iu a solution — one pound 

 of Paris green to fifty gallons of water; put three or four pieces of this around the tree, 

 one end in the ground. The worm will find them and eat them. 



CLISIOCAMPA. 



Order, Lepidoptera ; Family, Bomhycidx. 



There are several species of these resembling each other a good deal A 

 species, presumably C. constricta, has been doing some harm this season 

 in Sonoma County. This species is well described by the late Mr. Cooke, 

 in his treatise on injurious insects: 



The orchard of Mr. Belong, at Navato, Marin County, was infested last spring by cat- 

 erpillars — a species of the genus CUslocampa, or tent caterpillar. The caterpillar is one 

 and three fourths inches in length, one fourth of an inch in diameter, and was full grown 

 by the twelfth day of May. The body is sparingly clothed with soft and short hair, rather 

 thicker and longer on the sides than elsewhere. The head is dark brown on each side, 

 and dark brown above, leaving an inverted Y mark in the middle and front, jet black, and 

 having much the appearance of a goblet, as one looks from its tail to head. The frontal 

 mark is jet black, edged with a white strip across and over the mouth parts, and on each 

 side of the inverted Y. The ground color of the upper part of the body is evidently blue, 

 with a dorsal row of oval orange spots, one on each segment; two subdorsal orange lines; 

 also, two lateral orange lines. The dorsal space not covered by dorsal spots ; between the 

 subdorsal lines is crinkled with fine black and orange lines; between the subdorsal and 

 lateral lines, on each side, the space is blue, slightly variegated with fine orange and black 

 lines intermingled. The lower part of the body and feet are dusky blue, crinkled with 

 orange and black, irregular lines, and an amber-colored ring around base of prop-legs. 

 The caterpillars do not make a tent or web, although they live in colonies on the tree. The 

 caterpillars spin their cocoons (Figure No. 38) in the folded leaves of the trees on which 

 they feed, especially the apple. Pupa elongate, posteriorly attenuated, inclosed in a loose 

 silken web, suffused in fine yellow powder. The moth appears in about sixteen days; is 

 reddish brown, with two transverse, rust-brown, nearly straight, parallel lines on the fore 

 wings. Male (Figure No. 40), antenuis short curved, moderately bipectinated in both 

 sexes, the pectinations gradually decreasing in length to the apex, and shortest in 

 females; thorax, robust, pilose (hairy); abdomen, elongate, robust in female, and tufted 

 in both; femura (thigh) and tibia (shin) hairy. It expands one and three fourths inches. 



Figure No. 38. 



Figure No. 39. 



Figure No. 40. 



The female moth (Figure No. 39) lays her eggs, about two hundred in number, in rows 

 around the new growth of wood, and covers them with an apparent waterproof substance, 

 to protect them through the winter season. About the time the leaves are unfolding in 

 the spring the voung hatch out and feed on the foliage and young fruit. Mr. DeLong 

 had a block of two thousand apple trees completely stripped of fruit and lohage. 



Method Adopted by Mr. DeLong for Destroying the Caterpillars. 

 He placed a band of butter-cloth about four inches wide, covered with tallow, on the 

 trees about two feet aliove the ground. He discovered that the caterpdlars could form 

 bridges over the tallow, especiallv at night. Over the tallow he placed soft lard, which 

 proved effective. He then swept the caterpillars off the branches on to the ground. The 

 caterpillars attempted to ascend the tree again, but would not cross the greased band. 

 While thus gathered between the bands and the ground they were destroyed in great 

 numbers. To clean twentv-two thousand trees in this way it cost seven and one half 

 cents per tree, and the work done in less than four weeks. Although the orchard is not 

 thoroughly cleaned, Mr. DeLong saved the greater portion of his crop of twenty thousand 

 trees for this season. These caterpillars can be effectively exterminated by carefully ex- 



