24 



and CocciJes, but move readily by leaping, as their name implies, 

 and, like most other insects, acquire wings and the power of flight 

 in the last or perfect stage of their existence. 



"I have never known them to multiply to a sufficient extent to do 

 very serious injury. Besides, they appear to feed but little after their 

 change from the pupa to the winged state, which takes place pre- 

 vious to the second or autumnal growth of the trees." 



In another paragraph he gives a recognizable description of the 

 species, and proposes for it the name of Tettigonia viali, or apple- 

 ree leaf hopper. Curiously, no subsequent mention was made of 

 this insect, either in his own w'ritings or anywhere in the works of 

 entomologists, previous to that in my own report. Although the 

 specific name mali was the first proposed for this species, names 

 based upon descriptions published in agricultural papers are not ac- 

 cepted by entomologists, and consequently, to avoid the perpetuation 

 of a synonym, it is probably best to continue the species under the 

 name given in my Report. 



The serious character of the injury to the apple done by this in- 

 sect, is sufficiently indicated in the note above on the lesser apple- 

 leaf roller. 



The life history of the species is not yet fully determined, although 

 our observations amount to highly probable proof that it does not 

 differ from the life history of the common leaf hoppers ; that of the 

 grape, for example, {Erythroneura vitis). Our earliest specimens were 

 collected May 21, on clover, and repeated collections made thereaf- 

 ter in May and June, were all adults. 13y the 2d of July, however, 

 both larva? and pupae appeared in the specimens collected from the 

 young apple. Later in summer only images were found. From these 

 data we may reasonably infer that the species hibernates in the 

 adult condition, lays its eggs in early summer on the leaves of the 

 app'e, lives as an immature insect upon that plant, and completes 

 its transformations to the winged stage in the latter part of summer 

 and early autumn. 



As an adult it is not l)y any means confined to the apple for food, but 

 occurs upon a great variety of plants, being in fact a very common 

 object in miscellaneous collections obtained by sweeping and beating. 

 Clearly, the injuries of this species can be met only in spring and 

 early summer, when the eggs and newly hatched young are upon the 

 leaves. Dipping the tops of the trees at that time in an emulsion 

 of kerosene, or possibly thoroughly spraying the nursery stock with 

 this fluid, is, in my opinion, the most promising method of proce- 

 dure. 



This is not one of the nursery insects likely to be spread by ship- 

 ments of young trees, since these are made in early spring, before 

 it is at all likely that the iraagos have laid their eggs. 



Whfit the Hessian liy is to wheat, that the corn plant louse {Aphis 

 vuiUlli) bids fair to become to corn. This species has been known 

 in a general way for years, since it was first described by Fitch, but 

 its lite history (far from complete, it is true,) gives us as yet no clue 

 to a method of combating its injuries. Even the hope which I 

 have hitherto indulged, that it would be found most prevalent upon 



