9 



altered, but that of the chyliferons or digestive stomach was greatly 

 disorgarized. The inner ends of the long cylindrical cells with 

 which the alimentary canal is here lined were always broken down, 

 and much of the remainder was occupied by minute spherical gran- 

 ules, most of them, apparently, micrococci, this degeneration oc- 

 casionally extending through nearly the whole depth of the epithelial 

 layer. Sometimes, in fact, the basement membrane was almost de- 

 nuded and the wall seemed upon the point of perforation ; but no 

 actual solution of the basement membrane and muscular coat of 

 the stomach was noticed in any of the sections examined. The 

 cells of the fatty bodies were commonly so far replaced by collec- 

 tions of finely granular matter, that the true structure of these 

 bodies was almost indistinguishable. Applications of caustic potash 

 to the sections, and consequent partial solution of the tissues, com- 

 monly showed, however, that this was due to an infiltration of 

 these tissues rather than to a complete degradation of them. All 

 the exposed surfaces of structures within the perivisceral cavity were 

 usually covered with aggregations of the spherical granules charac- 

 teristic of the disease, which often formed layers or masses 12 // or 15 /^ 

 thick. These granules, not definitely distinguishable in the mass, 

 partly owing to their dense aggregation, and partly, also, to their 

 concealment by the coagulation of the blood, were, neverthe- 

 less, unmistakably the same as those swarming so thickly in the 

 fluids of diseased larvte while still living. I could not detect any 

 especial degeneration of the nerve centers, or of the nerve tissues, 

 or, in fact, of any of the other vital organs, with the occasional 

 exception of the Malpighian tubules. The hypodermis, however, 

 was sometimes more or less disorganized, probably in those parts 

 of the body presenting a blackish discoloration during life. Over 

 such areas the hypodermal cells were broken down, their struc- 

 ture lost and replaced by a granular detritus. In these sections, 

 prepared from specimens kept for some months in alcohol, the 

 spherical granules stain with great difficulty and readily decolorize. 



In the course of a series of experiments perforrred upon the cod- 

 ling MOTH {Garpocapsa pomonella), this species received at our hands 

 extraordinary attention in all its relations. An elaborate account of 

 our observations respecting its life history and its susceptibility to 

 remedial measures is given in another article, and I add here only 

 facts showing the abundance of the species during the present sea- 

 son. Of nearly 10,000 apples examined from trees used as checks 

 upon our experiments, and which, consequently, had not been treated 

 with any insecticide, 59 per cent, had been infested by the codling 

 moth, — a proportion doubtless unusually great, and due in part to the 

 extraordinary scarcity of apples following a year of great abundance. 



That dread enemy of the cereal crops, the notorious army worm, 

 {Helwphlld unipuncta) seems to be making head in southern Illinois, 

 having evidently occurred in injurious numbers throughout all that 

 part of the State from Bond and Wabash counties to Alexander 

 and Gallatin. Our information concerning this species covers the 

 counties of Alexander, Bond, Gallatin, Jackson, Perry, Wabash, 

 Wayne, and White, in all of which this pest was injurious to pas- 

 tures and meadows, and was occasionally reported to have made a 

 visible impression upon the crop of corn in June. I do not hear of 



