80 



Mlcrogaster militaru, Glyphe viridescens. Arguments in favor 

 of egg hibernation. 

 Glover, Townend, — Army Worm. Kep. Com. Agriculture, 

 1864, p. 552. Kate of movement. Remedies proposed. 



Emery, H. D. — Leucania unipimcta. Prairie Farmer, XVI., 3. 

 Appeared in great numbers in Missouri. Examples of benefit 

 derived from burning meadows. 



1867. Walsh, B. D.— Idem. Prac. Ent. II., p. 112. Only one- 

 brooded. Moths usually emerge same year, although some 

 do not transform till following year. 



1869. Walsh and Riley.— Idem. Amer. Ent. I., 214. Numerous 



in parts of Illinois and Missouri. Habits and natural his- 

 tory. Single-brooded. Burning, fall plowing, and ditch- 

 ing suggested. Parasites numerous. May sometimes be 

 baneficial by devouring chess or by stripping off blades 

 affected with rust. 



Packard, A. S., Jr. — Idem. Guide to the Study of Insects, 

 p. 305, pi. viii, fig. 2. Brief description and habits. 



1870. Riley, C. V.— Idem. 2d Rep. St. Ent. Mo., pp. 37, 56, figs. 



14, 15, 16. Specific characters of larva and imago. Com- 

 pared with Clisioccanpa sylvatica, Harr; Anomis xylina, Say; 

 Laphygma fruglperda, Guen. Past history. Appearance and 

 disappearance due to climatic influences and attack of eight 

 parasites. Natural history. Supposed to be mostly single- 

 brooded, and to hibernate mostly in chrysalis state. Para- 

 sites described : Exorlsta leucanue, Kirk ; Exorista fiavicauda, 

 Riley; Mesochorus vitreus, Walsh; Pezomachus minimus, 

 Walsh ; Mlcrogaster militaris, Walsh ; Ophion jJurgatus, Say. 

 Also mentions Chalcis albifrons, Walsh, Ichneumon lucanice. 

 Fitch, and two undescribed species. Remedies and preven- 

 tives suggested. 



1871. Glover, Townend. — Army worm. Rep. Com. Agr. 1870, p. 



83. Brief life history. Generally one-brooded. Northern 



States. 



1375. S.vow, F. H. — Leucania unipuncta. Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci. 

 IV., 47. Abundant, especially in wet seasons following very 

 dry ones. Probably the most destructive species among all 

 Lepidoptera, often attacking and destroying entire fields of 

 Indian corn, wheat, oats, grass, and other staple crops. 



187/. Riley, C. V.— Idem. 8th Rep. St. Ent. Mo. pp. 22-56 and 

 182-185. The term "army worm" applied to various insects. 

 Past history of the army worm. Known in Missouri since 

 1854. Unusual abundance in vicinity of Peshtigo, Wiscon- 

 sin, in 1872, — the season following the memorable fires of 

 1871. History in 1875 — very general all over the country. 

 Sexual differences — several organs figured. Natural history 

 of species; occurs in Europe, Asia, New Zealand, and Aus- 

 tralia. Original account of oviposition, with description of 

 egg. Hibernates as imago and pupa ; perhaps also as larva 

 and egg. Habits of worm. Why it escapes destruction 



