81 



when young. Why it travels in armies. Appears in April 

 and May. Only one annual brood. Plants preferred. Climat- 

 ic intluenees ; natural enemies, and remedies. Summary 

 of leading facts. 

 Cook, A. J. — Idem. Eep. Mich. Bd. Agriculture 1875, pp. 

 278-282. An account of appearance in southern portion of 

 State, with natural history, dates of capture, disposition of 

 eggs, and effect of parasites. 



1877. EiLEY, C. v.— Idem. 8th Eep. St. Ent. Mo., pp. 47-50. 



Further notes and experiments. Eggs are thrust in 

 between the sheath and stalk of well-grown grasses whether 

 cut or standing ; also in other places. Laid in single row 

 of from five to twenty. Proves them to be double-brooded 

 in latitude of St. Louis. Summary of natural history. 



TfTOMAS, Cyrus.— Idem. 6th Eep. St. Ent. 111., p. 56. Con- 

 siderable damage done in 1875, especially to young Indian 

 CORN. Acts in two roles : first as a true cutworm ; and sec- 

 ond as a social and migratory race. Climatic conditions 

 chief cause of disposition to migrate. Larvsie destroyed by 

 chickens, birds, and heat. Best j)reventive, burning meadows 

 in spring. 



1878. Erench, (t. H.— Idem. 7th Eep. St. Ent. 111., pp. 101, 224. 



Specific characters of imago. Indian corn subject to attack 

 by migratory broods, and by those acting as cutworms. 

 Preventives : ditching, and burning meadows. Two- or three- 

 brooded. Fresh specimens captured in April. 



1879. Lintner, J. A.— Idem. Country Gentlemen XLIV., 422, Keply 



to inquiry from Maryland. Brief description and natural 

 history. Destruction by parasites. Two-brooded in South- 

 ern States ; single- brooded in Northern States. 



Smith, Emily A. — Heliophila unlpimcta. Prairie Farmer, 

 Aug. 16, 1879. Paper read before a meeting of the Wis- 

 consin Horticultural Society, at Green Bay. A resume of 

 known habits, natural history, natural enemies and reme- 

 dies. 

 1880. — E'LEY, C. V. — Leucania unijjuncta. Amer. Ent. III., 170, 134, 

 214. P. 170, marked irruption in many parts of Mary- 

 land, Delaware, and New York. Characters of moth, larva, 

 and pupa. Natural history and remedies. P. 184, appear- 

 ance in the Atlantic States has added new facts. Num- 

 ber of annual generations. How insect hibernates in 

 larval state. The destructive brood probably not the first 

 of the season. P. 214, burning is a preventive, destroy- 

 ing appropriate nidus for the laying of the eggs by the 

 moth in spring. Connection of wet and dry seasons with 

 rate of increase. 



CoMSTOCK, J. Henry. — Helioph'iln tmipuncta. Eep. Com. Agri- 

 culture 1879, p. 187, pi. 1, figs. 1 and 3. Known in this 

 country since 1743, and found in almost eveiy part of 

 the world. Natural history studied since 1831. Descrip- 

 tion of egg, larva, pup.i, and imago. Two- to many-brooded. 

 Arguments in favor of hibernation * as egg, larva, pupa 



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