188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 



1816. Lam., Hist. Nat. Aa. sans Vert. iv. 20 : employs it for raalvie 



and others. 

 1816. Hiibn., Verz. 25 : uses it for various Vestales, following Fabri- 



cius' own tartly limitation, although not in precisely the 



same sense. 

 1820. Billb., Euum. Ins. 81 : some UrbicoltB, among them malva?. 

 1820. Oken, Naturg. f. Schulen, 788 : employs it for some Ephori. 

 1820-21. Swains., Zool. 111. i. i. 28: specifies comma as the type, but 



erroneously. 

 1833. Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 442: also designates comma as the 



type. 

 1837. SodofFsk., Bull. Mosc. x. 82 : proposes to supplant this name by 



Symmachia (q. v.). 

 1840. Ramb., Faun. Ent. Andal. 312 [probably unpublished] : uses 



it for a number of species, including malvee (Alveolus). 

 1852. Westw., Gen. Diurn. Lep. 525 : employs it for a heterogeneous 



group of Urbicolas, not including malv«. 

 1858. Ramb., Cat. Lep. Andal. 88: limits it wrongly to Nostro- 



daraus ( Nostradamus) . 

 1858. Kirb., Cat. Brit. Rhop. : limits it to comma. 

 18G9. But!., Cat. Fabr. Lep. 269 : employs it for exclamationis and 



others, but not for malvaj. 

 1870. lb., Ent. Monthl. Mag. vii. 58 : specifies exclamationis as the 



type, erroneously.* 

 1870. Kirb., Journ. Linn. 8oc. Lond. x. 500 : says that Proteus seems 



to be Latreille's type, and Alcides that of Fabric! us. 



* Butler (Lep. Exot. 1G6, note) says of Ilesperia: "Fabricius described the 

 genus in his Entomoiogia Systematica, vol. iii., Gloss. 1, p. 32-5 (1793), and 

 gave no ti/pe, but used the following words in his description — ' Antennaj clava 

 elongata, scepius uncinata.' These words at once fix the type as somewhere 

 amongst the Uesperke. urbicolce (notwithstanding the fact that, in liis Systema 

 Glossatorum, Fabricius refers it to the ruraJes). The Hesperia of Cuvier has for 

 its type //. MalvcE (as Mr. Crotch has pointed out. Cist. Ent. p. 02) ; but Pijrgus 

 Mali\e (of all the Ilesperice urlncokn) is about the worst to have chosen as the 

 type, for it does not Jit the Fabrician description. Therefore it is clear that P. 

 Malvce could not have crossed the mind of Fabricius when he penned his descrip- 

 tion, and cannot be his type : later authors have referred the dark-coloured species 

 of Pampfiila and Carystus to Hesperia, evidently taking H. Exclamationis as the 

 type, it being the first species wliich he describes under his urhicolce ; but as //. 

 Exclamationis turns out to be an Tsniene, and not, as formerly supposed, a Pam- 

 phila, I have taken /. Exclamationis as the type. The first of the Uesperics 

 liaralcs is a species of the family Erycinidaj." 



