ZYGAENA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 19 



OcHSENHEiMER, has more lately been named by Ruhl ab. grossmanni (= liitescens Tuti). It is said to have grossmanni. 

 been observed as a constant or at least prevalent form in certain very limited localities. In ab. obscura Tutt obscure. 

 the entire wings, inclusive of the red colour, is darkened. — sareptensis Sfgr.-Reh. (-tb) is a large, some- sareptensis. 

 what paler, lighter red form from South Russia. — diaphana Stfp: (4c), from Tauria, has thinly scaled, diaphana. 

 strongly transparent wings, the central wedge-spot being distally strongly widened. — nubigena Led. (4cj nubigena. 

 is also a very thinly scaled form from the liigh mountains of Europe and Asia, having moreover (like many 

 mountain-forms) a very shaggy body, like Z. exuhois, with which it occurs occasionally together. — In the 

 rather large form smirnovi Christ. (4c), from Turkestan, the distal wedge-spot is constricted before its di- smirnovi. 

 lated apex. — pluto 0. (= pythia Hbn.) (4b) has a black apex to the hindwing and the central streak of pluto. 

 forewing is entirely of even width, not in the least being dilated distally; in South Europe, as far north as 

 Austria. — In polygalae AV7). (4 b) the black interspaces between the red streaks have entirely disappeared po/j'^a/ae. 

 the red being so extended (especially in ?) that the forewing is only edged with black, differing from rxbi- 

 ciindini in the hindmargin of forewing being black (though sometimes only narrowly); in the South, espe- 

 cially Northern Italy. — In heringi ZelL, from North Germany, the antenna is thinner and the central fieringi. 

 wedge-spot of the somewhat broader forewing extends to near the distal edge. — In ab. interrupta Sfr/r. (4b) interntpta. 

 the central streak is broadly interrupted and the posterior one often constricted in middle; more in the 

 North of the area, among the name-typical form. — If all tln'ee streaks are interrupted, the red is separated 

 into 6 spots, recalling the pattern of other Zygaenas; this form is ab. sexmaculata Burgeff. — Finally, there sexmaculata. 

 occur also specimens which have a red abdominal belt: ab. cingulata Bin-f/e/f. — Larva bluish white or cingulata. 

 liglit yellow; a subdorsal row of heavy black dots; head, pectoral legs and stigmata black. Fullgrown in 

 May and June on various species of Grass, Trefoil, Thyme, etc. Pupa brown, posteriorly yellow; in a 

 strongly convex yellowish cocoon. The imagines emerge after 3 — 4 weeks, flying on hill-sides and forest- 

 roads, resting especiallj' often on Thistles, Scabious and Eryngium ; they are local, but appear here and there 

 in large numbers. There are often several specimens on the same flower; they are lazy and can, without 

 difficulty, be taken off with the fingers. 



Z. brizae Esp. (== scabiosae Hbn.) (4c). Smaller and weaker than the previous species, with con- bn'zae. 

 siderably shorter antenna. The red wedge-spots are confluent, the basal two-thirds of forewing, apart from 

 hindmargin, being all red, the distal edge of this area being straight and parallel to the edge of the wing. 

 Extends from the Tyrol eastwards into Western Asia. — In erebus Sffji: (= manni Kiibij) (4c), from erebns. 

 Armenia, the hindwing is more broadly edged with black, which is the case also in gallica Obert/i., from gallica. 

 Digne, the red colour of forewing being somewhat reduced in this form. — corycia .SY^r. (4dj, from Syria, corycia. 

 is rather intensity coloured, but is very much smaller than t3'pical bvi:ae; the forewing strongly rounded and 

 almost elliptical; the black marginal band of hindwing narrow but sharply marked. — Also of hrlzae there 

 occur specimens with the red streaks interrupted: ab. interrupta Hirschke, and individuals with red abdominal interrupta. 

 belt: ab. cingulata Dziurz. — Larva grey-3'ellow; subJorsally black velvety spots behind which there are cingulata. 

 yellow spots, these bearing black setiferous dots ; stigmata, pectoral legs and head black, the last with a fight- 

 edged frontal triangle. FuUfed in May on Cirsium arvense, and turning into a blackish , posteriorly yellow 

 pupa, which lies in a silvery white cocoon. Imago in June and July, local, and not in such abundance as 

 the preceding. 



Z. zuleima Pier. (^ ludicra Luc) (4d). A small, delicate insect with an almost naked body. The zuleima. 

 wedge-spots are narrow, being separated by broad black interspaces; the external streak angulate, hook- 

 like, being extended close to distal margin. — In Algiers, on meadows, in spring till early .May not rarely 

 on Umbelfiferae, for instance near Oran, on the parade-grounds of Gonstantine, etc. 



Z. scabiosae Srher. (4d). At once recognized by the long, thin, almost filiform, antenna which is scabiosae. 

 hardly incrassate apically. The red streaks of forewing more pear- than wedge-shaped, resembling prolonged 

 drops. Widely distributed; all Europe from Scandinavia and Finland to the Mediterranean Sea, and from 

 Spain eastwards far into Siberia. — Of colour-varieties are known: ab. flava Pieszcz (ochre-yellow), ab. flaveola fiava. 

 Zickert (orange-yellow), ab. citrina Spiilcr (fight sulphur-yellow), and also melanotic specimens — ab. hoff- flaveola. 

 manni Zickrrf — as well as almost plain black individuals — ab. nigerrima Zickert. — In orion H.-Sc/i. (4d) "''"'""■ 

 the upper red drop-hke spot is darkened in the middle resp. constricted, only its basal portion being reduced yJ""^""'- 

 to a dot and the external portion appearing as an ovate spot, the hindwing bearing a black marginal band orion. 

 of more than 1 mm width. In Italy, also already in the Tyrol, locally very common. — In ab. divisa <S>7(/r. divisa. 

 (4d) also the lower streak is interrupted. In the South not rarely among the previous form. — ab. trans- Irans- 

 apennina Ca/b. stands in between the last two forms. — In subalpina Ca!h. (4e) the black edge of tiie "pennina. 

 hindwing is very narrow, and the upper streak of the forewing is stiU continuous, while the posterior one ^"'"^'P""'- 

 is interrupted. Specimens of subalpina from the southern Alps with all the streaks interrupted are ab. con- conjuncta. 

 juncta Calb. — romeo Dup. (4e) has the forewing as in dirisa, the hindwing, however, being very narrowly romeo. 

 edged with black. Riviera; North Italy. — In neapolitana Calb. (4e) all the streaks are separated into neapolitana. 



