ZYGAENA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 21 



the hindmargin remaining broadly black. — In dystrepta Fisch.-Wald. (4h), from S. E. Europe and Asia Minor, dystrepta. 

 the hindmargin is only very nari'owly sliaded with black, the forewing being otherwise all blood-red except 

 distal margin; this colour replaced by miniate in a specimen from Asia Minor received from Messrs. Staud- 

 iNGER and Bang-Haas under the name of malatina (4h). — italica Htgr.-Rcb. (4h) is a more densely scaled malatina. 

 and therefore brighter coloured form from South and Central Italy, the apical patch being distinctly sepa- 'taUca. 

 rated from the basal area by a narrow black interspace, while in the much larger contamineoides ^^'tgr. conta- 

 (= contaminei /Ai] dalmatina H.-Sch.) (4h), from Spain, Italy, and Sicily, a broad interspace isolates W\q mineoides. 

 apical spot completely. — Larva greenish, with white dorsal line and subdorsal rows of black dots, below 

 which there are larger yellow spots. Head and thoracical legs black , abdominal legs yellow ; in May and 

 June on Erj'ngium. The imago in July at very limited localities, but rather common, flying low. 



Z. wagneri Mill. (4 hi). This species does not stand in close connection with any other. Forewing wagneri. 

 very broad and strongly rounded, extremely densely scaled and of very intense metallic gloss, with a violet 

 or very dark blue tint, which is met with nearly to the same extent among the Riviera Burnets only in the 

 otherwise (juite dissimilar Moechadix and maritima. 5, rarely 6, mostly small spots on forewing are bright 

 blood-red like the hindwing and have black edges when viewed obliquely. On underside all the spots sharply- 

 separated ; in the $ the black margin of hindwing occasionally widened. S. E. France, especially in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Nice. — In ab. nigra iJziurz. the red of hindwing is almost entirely replaced by black; while nigra. 

 in ab. giesekingi Wagn. the central spots of forewing are reduced. — In ab. achilleoides Wagn. the 5. spot giesekingi. 

 is enlarged and washed out. — Larva short and thick, strongly humped, dark green, paler at the sides; adiilleoides. 

 black subdorsal dots, below which there ai'e honey-coloured spots; head black, pronotum white; in May on 

 chalk hills, on Hippocrepis comosa. 



Z. trlfolii Esp. (4i). Forewing denselj' scaled, black, glossy, with 3 red spots at base, in centre trifolii. 

 and near apex; the central one oblique, elongate, composed of two; hindwing with a black edge of about 

 I '/a mni width. Europe except the high North, and Northern Asia as far as the Altai. — In ab. lutescens lutesccns. 

 Cockirell the red is replaced by lemon yellow; in ab. obscura Tntt it is of a brownish tint; while in ab. obscura. 

 intermedia Tutt is is paled to orange. — A large form with small spots, from the Bukovina, has been intermedia. 

 named v. orientalis by Hokmuzaki, and Fltchs has designated as var. gracilis a dwarfed form from the orientalis. 

 Rheingau. — In ab. orobi Hhn. (4i) the 2 spots composing the central patch are separated, while in minoides gracilis. 

 Selys {= confluens t>tgr) (4i) the 3 red spots are broadly connected vwth one another, being sometimes '"'f'"- 

 merged together to a broad red area (as in 4i4). — ab. palustris Obivth. has normal markings, but is very .,i,i„g(r,g 

 large, nearly equalling in size orientalis. — In trivittata Spi'gcr, whicii, like all the preceding forms, occurs among trivittata. 

 ordinary trifolii, but very rarely, the spots of the forewing are connected with one another longitudinally. 

 — In ab. basalis Selyn the distal spot is isolated, while the others are confluent. — In ab. glycirrhizae basalts. 

 Hhn. the spots are transversely connected in pairs. — syracusiae Zell. (4 k) is a form with very broad glycirrlUzae. 

 distal marginal band to the hindwing, described from Sicily, but occurring also in Southern Italy, Spain, syracusiae. 

 and especially North Africa, though in the last locality in less well characterized specimens (Fuchs). — In 

 seriziati Oberth. (4k), from North Algiers, the black is still more extended on the hindwing; this colour seriziati. 

 forms a complete or centrally interrupted band across the wing, occupying sometimes even the base, in 

 which case only a small postmedian spot remains red. Oberthur figures this latter form without giving it 

 a name; Dziurzynski calls it ab. nigra (4k). — Larva green, when young, later pale yellowish; 2 subdorsal nigra. 

 rows of velvety-black double-spots, another row of yellow lateral dots, between which there are the stig- 

 mata; in April and May on Trefoil. Pupa l)lack, in a whitish yellow cocoon, frequently on the bark of 

 roadside-trees which stand near clover-fields. I have found trifolii flying only in meadows on which there 

 are temporarily water-pools; also the form syraeuaiae has been met with by rae only at brooks in meadows 

 and at ditches for draining, as well as in swampy meadows, in June. Seriziati, however, I have found also 

 in dry meadows, but only near the sea-coast, in May. 



Z. lonicerae Schev. (5a). A little paler, more transparent, and larger than trifolii; the red more lonicerae. 

 a deep pink. At once recognizable by the much longer, thinner and more pointed antenna, and by the 

 shape of the forewing, which is longer, distally broader, but apically again more acute than in trijolii. 

 Distributed all over Europe, going far north, everywhere common, also in the whole northern districts of 

 Western Asia, eastwards as far as the Altai. — A number of colour-aberrations have been observed, oc- 

 curring as rarities among ordinary lonicerae: ab. citrina (= flava Oberth.) is light yellow instead of red; in citrina. 

 ab. chalybea Aurir. the red is darkened, and in ab. carnea Spuler flesh-colour. — ab. eboracae Prest. is the clialybea. 

 name of pale specimens with whitish fringes. — A very large form — major Frey (5 a) — represents the '^«''«^''- 

 species in many valleys of the Alps, for instance at Faido, Airolo at the St. Gotthard railway, in Wallis, and ^^j^^ 

 other places of Southern Switzerland. — As in trifolii ab. minoides also here the red spots may be confluent, confluens. 

 = ab. confluens Selys. — In ab. rubescens Biirgeff the forewing has become almost entirely red in con- rubescens. 



