24 ZYGAENA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



Germany, Austria, and also in some of the Balcan States, there occur two forms which are marked like 

 cplualtes resp. medusa, but have the 2 basal spots of the forewing and the abdominal belt deep yellow instead 

 coronillaf. of red; these forms are coronillae Esp. (6a) with 6 spots, and trigonellae E.^^p. (6a) with 5 spots. — 

 tngoneHcir. Likewise in Austria there occur, often together with other forms at the same places, two varieties in wliich 

 the spots of the forewing as well as the whole hindwing except the black margin are yellow; these are 

 icterica. icterica Led. (6 a) with 6 spots, and aeacus Esp. (6 b) with 5 spots on the forewing. Sometimes the yellow 

 aeaciis. colour has a strong reddish tint; such forms are named by Hirschkk princi (6b), if there are 6 spots, and 

 aiiranUac'a ^"''^n^'^*^^' '* ^lere are 5. — Also red forms are found which are similar in appearance to red-belted 

 peiii-etUirii.-^'^'P^'"'^"^'^'' ''^**P- ''''/''''" ^b. woLi, being also the most northern forms. They are peucedani Esp. (= hippo- 

 at/ia- crepidis H.-Srh.; aeacus Hiibn.) (6b) with 6 spots, and athamanthae Exp. (= veronicae Bkh.) (6c) w^ith 5. 

 mantliae. The red colour of the hindwing of these forms may more and more be replaced by the black marginal 

 guenneri. band, being finally rejti'esented only by a red central spot. These forms are ah. guenneri Ilirsclikc, if there 

 metzgeri. are 6 spots, and ab. metzgeri liirsclike, if there are 5. — We have further to mention a group of aberrations 

 in wliich the liindwiiig bears two small sjiots instead of a single white or red one. This modification is 

 sophiae. '<»t»^^''i "<' "early all the above-mentioned forms and has received special names. Thus, epliia/fes with '2 white 

 aemilii. spots to the hindwing bears the name sophiae Euire, the corresponding form of meduaa being aemilii Eatre, 

 bahri. while ammilluf with 2 spots is bahri Hir.-ichke and the corresponding tiiijoiullae-iovm wutzdorffi lliifchke. 

 wutzdorffi. j^astly there is another Burnet in which the forewing is white-spotted, the hindwing being entirely black, 

 araratica. and the abdomen black without belt: this is araratica i'/^^;-. (5k), from Armenia, which was placed here by 

 former authors, while others consider it a form of donjcnii (Spuler). — Larva yellow or green, reddish yellow 

 at the sides, with pale belts; a dorsal stripe and subdorsal rows of spots black; above the legs rows of 

 black dots ; on the whole similar to the larva of Jilipendulae ; in May adult on Vetch, TrefoU, Thyme, Eryngium, 

 Plantago, etc., the black pupa in a white-yellow silky cocoon. The imagines fly in July in meadows, ven- 

 turing even into gardens; they are especially often found resting on the heads of thistles standing near 

 the edges of woods and on fallow ground, sometimes one finds only one form at a certain place, sometimes 

 several forms fly about at the same time in one field, copulating together, the offspring, however, not having 

 mixed or transitional characters. Occasionally specimens of this species have been met with which were in 

 copula with individuals of entirely different species. 



ecki. Z. ecki Christ. (6c). Little is known of this rather isolated Burnet, which does not stand in close 



relationship to any other, not being allied to cphiultex or cxulam, nor to anlliijlliilh, behind which it is placed 



in the catalogue of Staudinqer-Rebel. The dull dark grey forewing bears 6 pinkish crimson spots of which 



the 2 distal ones are slightly confluent; hindwing of the same tint, with rather broad black margin and 



cingtilata. reddish grey fringes. The abdomen is usually black, but occurs also with red belt, = cingulata Hirschke. Persia. 



exiihms. Z. exulans lluchmir. (= subochracea White) (6 c). Strongly hairy, thinly scaled, with faint coloration, 



relatively slender antenna and broad wings. Forewing .5-spotted, the spots light rosy-red on a grey, rather 



transparent, ground. Hindwing with dull grey mai'gin which is wide especially at the apex. Shoulders 



with grey or faintly pink hairs, fringes of the same colour. An alpine insect, from the highest meadows 



of the Alps, Pyienees, Apennines, and the Scotch mountains, the species being found everywhere in abun- 



flava. dance at its flight-places. — ab. flava Oberth. is the pale yellow form, which has been met with near Lauterat. 



conjluens. — In ab. confluens Strand the 4 proximal spots are confluent, at least in pairs. — Among the name-typical 



fulva. form there occur larely reddish yellow specimens, = ab. fulva SjMlcr. — vanadis Balm, is the northern 



vanadis. representative of the species, from Scandinavia and North Russia; still more transparent and with still 

 more shaggy body, but the intermixture of grey hairs on the thorax in absent. It may be mentioned, how- 



dilatata. ever, that specimens coming close to this form are occasionally found in the Alps. — In ab. dilatata Bi(r</eff 



exsiliens. the 5. spot is extended to the distal margin. — exsiliens Stgr. (6 c) is an eastern form, from the Altai, with 

 clearer colour and pattern, the whole apical area of the hindwing being grey, occupying '/s of the wing. 

 — Larva of I'.ndans velvety-black; intersegmental rings and lateral spots yellow; in June adult on Azalea 

 concumbens. Pupa black, in a whitish yellow cocoon. The imagines fly in July and August, being extrem- 

 ely common at their flight-places. In the Alps one finds them often in swarms covering the clusters of 

 flowers on tlie mountain-meadows. 



magiana. Z. magiana Styr. (7b) is a pale-coloured, somewhat transparent, Burnet from the mountains near 



hissariensis. Samarkand, about the habits of which little definite is known. — The ab. hissariensis Gr.-Grsh., which is 



connected with the preceding by all intergradations and which occurs in the same country, has the si)ots of 



the forewing small and sharply defined; the 6. transverse spot and the vestiges of the abdominal belt 



which appear occasionally are without weight in distinguishing this form ; from Virgil Gazi, end of July. 



Corsica. Z. COrsica Boisd. (6d). A peculiar smafl Burnet with 5 almost equal-sized spots which are very 



round and glossy bright red, the ground-colour between them having in certain aspect a somewhat brassy 

 lustre. — In May and June in Sardinia and Corsica. — Larva light grey-blue, at the side a dark hue, and 



