2YGAENA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 25 



on tlie l)ack a white one, along which there are black spots; in May qn Santolina nicana. Cocoon light 

 In-own. The niotiis in .lune and July, on sunny slopes, especially frequent at higher altitudes. 



Z. meliloti I'^sp. (= viciae SrhrL, loti Jlbn.) (Bd). A rather small, slender, delicately scaled Bui-net, meliloti. 

 with relati\fly Hiiii antenna and usually 5 spots, almost reseml)liag a dwarfed trifo/ll, but the colours 

 paler; only in the name-typical form the hindwing more narrowly edged with black. Distributed from 

 Sweden and Livonia to the Mediterranean coasts and from the Riviera to Siberia and Mongolia. — ah. flava fiava. 

 Bmgcff is the light yellow ajjerration, which may occur everywhere. — In ab. confusa Stgi: (Bd) the red confusa. 

 spots of the forewing are continent; found in Western Asia. — ab. ehnbergi L'niter is a small form from ehnbergi. 

 North Europe, with reduced spots on the forewing and a broad black margin to the hindwing. — In 

 dahurica Boisd. (Bd) the coloration is altogether brighter and the insect more robust, the antenna being dahurica. 

 especially stronger; the wings more densely scaled; not restricted to Asia, but occurs already in East 

 Europe. — mongolica Stgr. <f- Roh., from nothern East Asia, has an obtuse antennal club, and a broader, mongolica. 

 beneath darker, foiewing. — italica Coradja (= nigra Dzii(rz.) (Bd) has 5, extremely rarely B, often small italica. 

 spots on the forewing and an almost black hindwing, whicli bears in the centre a narrow red streak; in 

 Liguria, where I found them especially frequent on meadows in mountain-forests near Pegli , occurring 

 there conmionly, but being restricted to small flight-places. — teriolensis Spfyer (6e) is nothing but pale- teriolensis. 

 coloured rharou from the southern Alps and the Apeimines. — In sicula Calb. the distal spots are merged siaila. 

 together; Sicily. — All these forms have I)lack non-belted abdomina. 



There occur, however, also red-belted forms. Red-belted specimens of the ordinary 5-spotted meliloti 

 are ab. stentzi Fn: ; very rare. Though apparently occurring everywhere among the typical form , one stentzi. 

 may nevertheless examine many thousands of specimens of meliloti without finding among them a single 

 stentzi. — The 6-spotted (rhtiron-) form with red belt is ab. decora Led. {■= cingulata Htrfr. i. l.t (Be), and decora. 

 the red-belted dahurica from South-East Europe is ab. annulata Caradja. annulata. 



The strongly aberrant Z. ledereri >^tgy. if- Reli. (Be) is perhaps best placed here, showing howevei- ledereri. 

 also close affinities to filipendidae, near which it is put in Stai'diiNGEr & Rebel's catalogue. It is a rather 

 small insect from the coasts of the Black .Sea, bearing B large, quadrate, bright rose-coloured spots on the 

 forewing, the hindwing being of the same colour and having a very narrow black margin; abdomen witiiout 

 belt. The specimen here figured from the Staudixger collection was kindly placed at our disposal by 

 Herr Bang-Haas. — Perhaps iaphria H.-Srh. is the same as this species, while I cannot identify laphria Fn:, laplin'a. 

 which has been recorded from Armenia. 



The caterpillar of meliloti is pale green; the dorsal line white, the dorso-lateral ones yellow, laterally 

 of these a series of vellow spots and black dots; head black; in May on Trefoil and Vetch. Pupa yellowish, 

 anteriorly black-brown, in a bright-yellow cocoon. Though this moth is very weak, it flies nimbly and 

 sometimes rather high. When being caught they first sham death, but then suddenly whiz away, generall}- 

 ascending at once. The flight-places appear to be very limited in size, being often restricted to a few acres, 

 the insect being there frequent, though never occurring in such abundance as many other species of Zi/f/oena. 



Z. niphona Btlr. (= christophi St(jr.) (Be). The only Burnet from East Asia. Rather large, niplwna. 

 sparsely scaled, .j-si^otted , with rather wide red abdominal belt. Club of antenna strongly incrassate at 

 apex. The insect has the appearance of a large meliloti, but the body is strong and robust, the flight 

 however being nevertheless not at all fast. Though the species varies considerably, some specimens being 

 B-spotted and resembling therefore X. peucedani, there are no local races. The abdominal belt occupies 

 mostly 2 segments, but is sometimes restricted to one segment, the posterior portion of the abdomen being 

 occusionally all red. The species is widely distributed in Japan , especially at low altitudes of the central 

 mountains, near and on the Fujisan; probably more sporadic in Amurland, since Graeser did not meet with it. 



Z. graslini Led. (Bf). The 6 spots of forewing confluent in pairs, there being a basal, central and graslini. 

 marginal red area separated by black bands. Asia Minor to Kurdistan and Mesopotamia. — In the form 

 COnfluens Oberth. (Bf), from Syria (especially the neighbourhood of Beyrut), the basal and central areas are conflnens. 

 also confluent, the wing being red from base bej'ond middle. 



Z. oxytropis Boisd. (Bf). Rather small, on forewing with 6 quadrate spots which are finely edged o.xytropis. 

 deep-black, the distal pair being more or less broadly united. Throughout Italy, especially frequent at the 

 Riviera, at the Italian as well as the French side. — There occur also specimens with red abdominal belt, 

 ab. cingulata Zickert, and individuals with confluent central spots, ab. confluens Zickert. — The moth flies cingulata. 

 in May and does not seem to be restricted to definite flight-places, but is found singly among the swarms confluens. 

 of other Burnets. 



Z. lavandulae F^p. (^= spicae Ifbii.) (6g). For the greater part metallic blue-black, inclusive of the lavandulae. 

 hindwing, being superficiallv similar to utoeeliddi.^ and fmn.'^fdpina eulnbriea ; however, larrmditlne is at once 

 II 4 



