30 ZYGAENA. Bv \)y. A. Skit/.. 



caniiolka. Tlie naiiie-typical loiiii, carniolica i't-o/A (— - onohiA diis SrliijJ. & Jiiii., caffer K-fj).} (8di has white- 



edged spots on forewing and a red abdominal belt. From Central Germanj- southwards to the Mediter- 

 fliiveula. vanean and eastwards to the Altai. — ab. flaveola Egp. (= luteola Boisd.) (8d) has the hindwing and the 

 spots of the forewing straw-yellow insteail of red. As a rarity everywhere among the normal form. 

 dicliroma. especially often found in Austria. — ab. dichroma IJirsMf has the red mixed with yellow. — In ab. 

 grossi. grossi Ifh-Hchke the red is replaced by coflee-brown. — hedysari Hbn. (= astragali Hbii., onobrychis Boisd., 

 Iiedysari. ^^^^\\\^)^\ Uln., sedi Dap.) (8ej has no red abdominal belt: the commonest form in Germany, but locally 

 diniensis. predominating also in Italy and other countries. — diniensis H.-Scli. (8e) has a red belt; the spots of the 

 boliatschi. forewing very large, fiery red, with very thin light borders. French Riviera. — In bohatschi Wagn. the 

 iurassica. spots of the forewing are confluent in pairs ; Liguria. — In al). jurassica Blachier the central spots are 

 very large and connected with the red basal area by a costal streak, while the 6. spot remains isolated; 

 weileri. found near Geneva in Jul}^ and August. — ab. welleri Stgr. {= diniensis OherUi.). Here the proximal spots 

 are merged together to a large red patch which bears single red dots, only the 6. (lunate) spot remaining 

 ragonoti. separate; in Germany, Austria and at the Riviera. — ab. ragonoti Giam'lli (8f), from Turin, is only a 

 modification of the form weileri ; the forewing is almost entirely red, but, besides the 6. spot being isolated, 

 there are some more black markings in the basal area of the forewing than in weileri. — In the Tring 

 totirubra. Museum there is an aberration with entirely red wings, which may be named tOtirubra nb. nor. (8f), since 

 the corresponding forms of otlier species of Zygaena have received names. Found in Hungary. — In 

 amoena. amoena Stgr. (8ef), from Hungary and Lower Austria, the whitish edges of the spots of the forewing are 

 so eidarged that the white almost entirely displaces the dark ground-colour, the hindwing being sometimes 

 berolinensis. j)ale pink, as in the third specimen tigured as (itnoena on 8f. — In berolinensis ^tgr. (8gj, occurring singly 

 everywhere among tlie normal form, but being especiallj' typical at the Italian Riviera, the white margins 

 laurica. yf' the s])ots of the forewing are comjiietely absent and the abdomen is without belt. — As taurica Stgr. 

 (8g) a L\dian form is known in which tiie h ju'oximal spots are broadly white-edged, wlule the 6.. 

 apenina. transverse, spot has almost disappeared. — In apenina Tiir. (:= wiskotti (kdb.) (8g), which tlies not rarely 

 near Genoa behind tlie (lam])o Santo among /ledi/sari and hert)liiieiisis, the fi. (tninsversei spot is completely 

 cingulata. ajjsent or is oidy indicated as a dull shadow in the ground- coliun-. — cingulata hziurz. is a quite similar 

 sardoa. form without the (5. spot, luit iias a red abdominal belt. — sardoa Mai), is a small form from Sardinia in 

 graeca. which the anterior edge of tlie thorax has no white hairs. — graeca Stgr. resembles a small carniolica of 

 the name-typical form, and has like this insect a red belt, but the whitish yellow edges of the spots of the 

 ororui. {brewing are much Uiinner; from Greece. — orana Diip. (= mauretanica Mab.) (8h), which closely 

 I'esembles hilaris ab. iiiaiiretanica, is easily di.stinguished from this by the absence of the abdominal belt 

 and differs from the likewise similar hilaris felix in the 6. (lunate) spot being isolated; from Western 

 barhara. Algiers. — barbara If.-Sch. (= nedroma Oherth.) (8i) agrees almost exactly with orana, but the spots are 

 allardi. broadly pale-edged: North Africa. — allardi Obertli. (8i) is barbara with red abdominal belt; likewise from 

 .Algiers. — A minute dwarfed form of the preceding, from the same country, has been sent to me bj' 

 minor. Messrs. 0. Staudinokk & B.\xg-H.vas as minor (8i). — amasina Stgr. (8hj, from Asia Minor, closely 

 amasina. resembles amoena. but is iieautifully bright-red instead of pink and has abundant traces of the black ground- 

 wiedemanni. colour, which in amoena is almost entirely replaced by white. — Wiedemann! Men. (8h), from Anterior 

 Asia, on the contrary has so much white on the forewing that this is the i)re\alent colour: moreover, the 

 (ilbdrraciini. abdomen is vermilion except the base and tip. — albarracina Stgr., from Andalusia, is a small form which 

 transiens. approaches orana, but has less red on the abdomen than the previous. — In transiens Stgr. the spot 6. 

 which is edged with white in the ])revious forms, has become all white, the red centre disappearing, this form 

 therefore approaching the following (occitanica-) group, which one has several times endeavoured to distinguish 

 occitanica. specifically from tlie c«/-«io&a-forms ; from Western Asia. — occitanica \'ill. [=■ phacae Ubn.) (8i) is here 

 dealt with as being only tiie western representative of the carniolica-aenes. The 6. spot is always pure 

 white; the hindwing, moreover, is broadly edged with black and the abdomen without belt; South France 

 and Spain. On an average somewhat smaller than carniolica, but by no means always so small as the 

 iberica. s]iecimen figured. — In iberica Stgr. (8i) the 6. spot is reduced to a narrow white speck, the spots 1 — 5 

 of the forewing being very thinly edged with white; the ground-colour of the forewing black; the posterior 

 half ot the alidomen usually red ; from Catalonia. — If the abdominal belt is absent , which happens 

 azona. sometimes in the (f, we have ab. azona Spuler. — ab. disjuncta Spider is based on specimens of iberica 

 disjtwcta. i„ which the spots of the forewing are distinctly and widely sejiarated. — Lastly, albicans Stgr. (8k) has 

 ■ the forewing almost white, with red and some black spots, the white edge of the thorax being shining 

 white and the abdomen posteriorly all red; from Andalusia. — There exist almost all gradations between 

 these forms, and by naming all of them the series of aberrations would be considerably enlarged. Especially 

 OmnTHUR figures many an interesting aberration whick perhaps recurs and might receive a name. — 

 Larva pale bluish green, with white longitudinal lines and yellow and black lateral dots; head and legs 

 brown; till June on Hedysarum, Dorycnium, Astragalus, etc. Pupa greenish brown, anteriorly darker, in a 

 white ovate cocoon. The moths are sluggish, the ?? having a clumsy flight on account of the thick 

 abdomen. They fly especially in open woods and on slopes bearing trees, and appear to be more jjartial 



