CHIONAEMA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



61 



can bti describod as cdimiiDii. Ijiko Mollodinula they arc nearly always met; with resting singly on a leaf 

 or fl(jwer, or they may be beaten out of bushes. .Altogether about 80 forms are known, which are distri- 

 buted over Southern and Central Asia and tropical Africa. A very few species extend northward as far 

 as southern Siberia and southward to Australia. 



Head large, Irons scutiform, longer than broad, slightly narrower below, very smoothly scaled, 

 white. Eyes large, somewhat oval, slightly convex. Palpi porrect, seldom upturned, short. Tongue strong. 

 Thorax robust, moderately convex, often marked with red or yellow on a white ground. Tibiao with 

 moderate spurs. Abdomen cyhndrical, narrow, sometimes pointed, nearly always of the same colour as the 

 hindwing. Forewing fairly elongate, often broad from the base, in the (^ frequently with a lMnniiellat(! 

 fold on the underside beyond the middle of the costa, from which a tuft of hair originates on (lie ui)iiei- 

 side. Hindwing broad and large, the middle of the distal margin often oxcurved. — Larvae, as far as they 

 are known, cylindrical, with small round hiuxd and long dense tufts of bristles standing on rather large 

 warts; on hchens. Pupae very smooth, rounded, pointed behind, immobile, in an ovate, very loose, 

 reticulate cocoon mad<^ of hairs. The moths fly at night, but wIkui disturbed also in day-time, 

 or rest on flowers. In the tcunperate regions they occur in the summer, in only one brood, but in th(; 

 tropics are met with singly all through the year, being most abundant in tropical India from Januaiy to 

 April, this depending, however, on the locality. 



C. puella Drury (nee Moore) (12 a). Forewing with 4 narrow scarlet transverse lines, that plac(!d iniclla. 

 before the centre projecting basad with a strong tooth, the one Ixdiind the centre proximally convex, 

 being curved distad at the costal and inner margins. Three distinct black central spots in the cell in 

 the (^, and one in the ?. Hindwing tinged with a delicate rose-red. In Kashmir (Kulu, Dalhousie, 

 Kangra); also in other Himalayan districts (Nepal) and distributed over South India to Ceylon, mostly 

 not rare, but singly. 



C. hamata Walk. (= emergens Walk.) (12 a). The only Japanese Chioanema besides the southern, hamala. 

 non-Palearctic, uiiipimda. Very closely alhed to puella, and united with it by Matsumura; more robust 

 than imella from Kashmir, the red transverse bands thicker, the one behind the middle angulate at the 

 apex of the cell, and running in a convex curve to the inner angle, where it meets the terminal band in 

 the $. Distributed throughout Japan, from Hokkaido to the Linchotes; also in the opposite districts of 

 China, from Shanghai to Hongkong, probably also in the interior, but always singly and often rare. 



C. sanguinea Match. A narrow red stripe runs from the basal transverse hne, which is often sanuuineu. 

 vestigial, to the inner red line traversing the forewing before the centre. The outer red line is also 

 connected with the terminal one by a streak at the costal margin and at the inner angle. The hindwing 

 bright pink, especially in the marginal area. The scent-organ at the centre of the costa inconspicuous. — 

 In ab. cruenta Leech (= dubenskii Alph.) (12a) the red transverse lines are very narrow. In North and ciuenla. 

 Central China, as well as on Formosa. 



C. alba Moore (12 a). White, the forewing tinged with roso-red at the base, costa and before the alba. 

 margin, with a black discal spot; hindwing also suffused with rose-red towards the apex. Sometimes the 

 whole apical area of both wings is strongly rose-red, and the underside of the forewing blackish. North 

 and Central China and Corea. 



C. sikkimensis Elw. (12 a). This Indian form from the Himalayas is distributed northward to Tihot sikkiviensis. 

 (Yatung). It is at once recognised by the transverse l)ands placed before and beyond the centre being 

 dull orange-yellow instead of red, while the terminal band is absent. The thorax is also marked with 

 ochreous; the hindwing is pure white. 



C. adelina Stgr. (12 a). Like the preceding without terminal band on the forewing, but the bands udclina. 

 before and beyond the centre rather coarsely dentate, and together with the shortened basal band and 

 tht^ edge of the tegulae bright scarlet, not ochreous as in the preceding. In Amurland, at Yladivostock 

 and at the Ussuri. — A small and strongly differing c? described by Staudinger from North China 

 (Macrolep. Amur-Geb. No. 308) probably belongs to the following species. 



C. pratti Elw. (12 c). Smaller, with broader wings, the ^ with a strong tuft of hair beyond the pralti. 

 middle of the costa. The postmedian line is quite or almost obsolete between the apex of the cell a^nd 

 the costa; a red termmal line is present, but reaches neither the costal nor the inner margin. Hindwing 

 in the <S very bright pink, and the underside also strongly tinged with pink. North and Central China, 

 near Pekin, in Shantung, at Ningpo and at the Yang-tse-kiang, locally not rare. In July. 



C. ariadne Elw. (12 c). The transverse lines very broad, blood-red, the one before the centre with ariadne. 

 a tooth projecting towards the base; a broad red smear before the margin; <? with three black discal 

 dots; hindwing less brightly rose-red than in pratti. At the Yang-tse-kiang. 



C. adita Moore (= bifasciata Pouj., walkeri Ehv.) (12 b). Forewing pure white, the red terminal adila. 

 band absent, and there are at the most slight traces of the basal band. The two central transverse hnes 



