LITHOSIA. By Pr. A. Skitz. 67 



L. caniola Hbn. {= couiplauoidcs Fucks) (12 k). Alnmst Iho same in colouring as cjriscola and luri- caniola. 

 deola, Init the forewing much smaller, the outer margin oblique, only slightly excurved; the colour much 

 lighter, more yellowish grey, so that the \r,\\e yellow costal stripe is less prominent. Hindwing very pale, 

 scarsely darker at the costal margin, with the apex much more pointed than in the two species mentioned, 

 M'ith which it might be confounded. At once distinguished from complana by the underside of the fore- 

 wing, on which the pale grey colour extends to the margin, the latter not being broadly yellow as in com- 

 planci. In West and Central Europe, Germany, Switzerland, France, England and Kussia; also in Spain, 

 Italy and Sicily, ali. vitellina Bdi\. if it is not a lighter variety of another species (which appears to me nidlinu. 

 to be probable, according to the shape of the wing in Biosduval's figure, plate .57, fig. 10 $), is a form 

 with the forewing dusted with grey close to the distal margin and of a pale bright j'ellow ground-colour 

 in the cJ- ab. albeola Hbn. (= lacteola Bdv.) (12 k) is considerably smaller, and, except for the bright alheola. 

 yellow thorax, entirely white on the upper side; it occurs among ordinary specimens. — Larva grey or 

 reddish brown with dark dorsal line, red subdorsal lines edged with black and occasionally spotted with 

 white or black; on lichens on stones or walls, but may also be reared on withering lettuce-leaves and the 

 flowers of Lotus corniculatus; until July, when it pupates in the ground according to FuciiS (?); the 

 moth flies in August at the Ehine, but probably considerably earlier in the South. 



L. affineola B)('H). (= calamaria Moore) (12 k). Very closely allied to the form vitellina of caniola, af/ineolu. 

 light straw-colour, slightly suffused with blackish at the costa of the forewing and in the costal area of 

 the hindwing, as in vitellina, and also on the underside. Widely distrilnited in Southern Asia, in the 

 Palearctic region in Kashmir, Amurland and Japan. — In Japan and China there also occurs the 

 form aprica Bull., which is unknown to me. It strongly resembles sororcula, on account of the almost upriva. 

 golden yellow ground-colour and the reduction of the black dusting, but is said to differ from that species 

 in the venation and shape of the wings. Undoubtedly the differences between affineolu, calamaria and 

 aprica are very insignificant. 



L. costipuncta Lcf c/t (121). Much larger and more robust than the preceding forms, even larger than cosiiimiictu. 

 deplana. Bright golden yellow above, with a black siiot below the middle of the costa; hindwing with a 

 blackisii costal margin. At the Yang-tse-kiang. 



L. sufftisa Leech. (12 k). One of the largest Lithosia, as large as the $ of quadra. I'Yirewing violet- suHnsa. 

 grey, lighter towards the outer margin, with bright yellow costal stripe; hindwing pale yellow. From 

 Sze-chuen. 



L. nigripoda B»rm. (= insolita TFaiA-., praecipua TFa/fc.) (121). As large as the preceding, but the nigripodu. 

 forewing pale straw-colour; dull longitudinal shadows along the subcostal and submedian veins. In the $ 

 the ground-colour is deeper bright yellow. In Eastern China and Japan. 



L. moorei Let'r/( (12 1). As large as the preceding, in the (J the dull whitish grey forewing strongly moorei. 

 tingetl with brown along the veins and in the whole outer third, the costa also narrowly dark brown. 

 In the $ the forewing uniforndy dark brown dusted with whitish. In the Yang-tse valley, from Ningpo 

 to Sze-chuen. 



L. degenerella ll'f///,-. (= alba .1/oorc, nivosa B((//.) (12 1). One of the smallest, Litlto.sia, not larger defjenerella. 

 than sororcula; forewing jiure sn(nv- white, hindwing pale isabella-colour, lilackisli at the costa, frons, 

 collar and thorax also white. North anil East China, Corea and Japan. 



L. unitaH/)». (= gilveola Brfi'., palliatella /faw/w.) (12 1). Both wings fairly unifoinily ochreous grey, unila. 

 sometimes with dark shading before the outer margin, and the anal portion of the hindwing as far as the 

 subcostal a shade lighter, more light ivory. In South Germany, Switzerland. Austria-Hungary, in sandy 

 districts. — arideola //«■. (12 1), more in North Europe, Scandinavia, Finland, and North-Eastern Germany, arideola. 

 has a l)roader, In-ight yellow costal stripe on the grey forewing. and the pale yellow anal half of the 

 hindwing contrasts sharply with the grey costal half. — vitellina Tr. is whitish grey, head, shoulder and vilellina. 

 abdomen beneath bright yellow. Forewing brownish from the base to the middle, the outer half and the 

 fringes orange-yellow, hindwing pale yellow; distributed in Germany, France, probably also elsewhere. — 

 In flaveola Ramhr. (= petreola Guen.) the forewing is light ivory without any dark dusting; Spain. — flaveola. 

 palleola //?)». has also no dark .shading or patches; but the gromid-colour of the upper side is pale straw- pallcola. 

 vellow; in the south of the area. — arundineola G'Me?j. is a transition from paUeola to vitellina, hkeyvise arimdincola. 

 more in the South. — gilveola ().{■= beckeriG'f/e'n.) is a smaller form; forewing pale straw-colour, .somewhat yilveola. 

 darker towards the outer margin; hindwing ivory; Austria-Hungary. — Perhaps cinereola Hft/;., with light cinereola. 

 grey forewing, also belongs here. There is therefore in Europe from North to South a complete gradation, 

 the grey of the Finnish and North-East German arideola changing to light grey straw-colour and whitish, 

 from Germany, Austria, France, Italy to Spain. Usually only one or two forms are found in one locality, 

 but in the interjacent districts, especially in South Germany and Austria, the forms of the neighbouring 

 districts occur as aberrations beside the normal form of that district. The same is the case in Anterior 

 Asia, true unita occurring in Ferghana, and further south, in Armenia, the lighter palleola. — Larva dark 



') Cf. Ochsenheimer, Schmett. F.ur. Ill, p. 137, foot note. 



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