96 PEEICALLIA; AXIOPOENA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



infenialis. al). infernalis Schultz has tho forewing spotted, but the hindwiiig blackened, and ab. defasciata Schultz on 

 ^'I'sf^llia- *^^^ otlier hand has hghtor hindwing with the black reduced, ab. testudinaroides .S'or. approaches the follow- 

 roideft. ing species in the more briglitl}- coloured hindwing. — • In Europe with the exception of the north and 

 west, in Northern Asia to the Amur, local and sporadical, usually not rare at its flight-places, found in great 

 aliundance at Ratisbon on the Koilstein. — The larva slightly resembles a half-grown larva of A. hebe, 

 togetiur with which it is often found, but it leaves its winter-berth a little later; it is black above with 

 red hairs laterally, and pupates in April or May, the pupa being black, and the moth appearing already 

 the end of May or in June (later in the North). 

 ^Huriu ^' testudinaria Fowrcr. (= maculania La?i^, curiahs Esp., civica Hb7i.) (17 f). Similar to the preced- 



ing, but the spots on the forewing larger, the hindwing of a beautiful scarlet tint, and also with the 

 spots larger. In the Southern Alps, from South France to the Tyrol, and in Italy. The larva like that 

 of A. caja, with long black and laterally red hair; until April on low-growing plants; the moth in May 

 and June, much more local and rarer than the preceding form. Intermediate specimens have been bred by 

 crossing aidica and testudinaria, which is comparatively easy, as testtidijxiria is probably only an extreme 

 form of aidica. Aberrational specimens without the red colour on the hindwing also occur (ab. crocea Schultz). 

 dejeani. H. dejeani Godt. (17 f). In this species the yellow spots of the forewing merge together to form 



a long longitudinal streak, which is elbowed before the outer third, then widens in places and runs to the 

 costa; hindwing yellow. In the mountains of the Iberian Peninsula. Hairs of the larva reddish brown 

 anteriorl}^ long and black-brown posteriorly; the head black. Local and probably rather rare; few spe- 

 cimens in most collections. 



64. Genus: Pericallia Hh7i. 



The very peculiar species matronida is probably best considered the only representative of this 

 genus; it is a large, clumsily built moth. Head sunk far down on the breast, frons moderately broad, 

 woolly; eyes rather large; palpi long, slightly down-turned; tongue aborted; antennae in both sexes with 

 very thin and short teeth and therefore appearing almost setiform. Thorax very broad, brown with red 

 streaks, the hairs at the base of the abdomen erect and forming curls. Legs strong, femora and tibiae 

 slightly thickened, spurs of hindtibiae small and pointed. Abdomen smoothly hairy, brightly coloured, 

 stouter posteriorly, especially in the $, in the ^ with the claspers far exserted. Wings broad and large, 

 hindwing with a deep groove below the frenulum, base of the median and submedian veins thickened 

 below. Larva with long hair, light in its youth, then brown, and lastly almost black; it usually hiber- 

 nates twice and pupates in the spring. The moth appears in tho summer and often flies in daytime, or 

 rests near tho ground. The species prefers hilly districts, but does not occur in the higher mountains. 



inalroHida. P. matronula L. (= idriensis (Scop., matrona Hbn.) (17 g). The large Tiger has cinnamon-brown 



forewing with lemon-yellow costal spots; abdomen bright orange with black spots, mostlj' forming bands. 

 Very widely distributed from Eastern France throughout Europe to the Amur, but not in Japan. The 

 arrangement of the spots on both wings is not constant, as may he seen from our figures of both sexes. 

 Above all the lemon-yellow spots of the forewing may be reduced (ab. 'pauciguttata Schultz) or increased 

 (ab. multimaculata Schultz) or divided (ab. dissoluta Schultz) or confluent; in the last case the yellow spots 

 near the base (ab. haliciaca Schille) or those near the apex (ab. concreta Schultz) may be united; the latter 

 spots may also be increased (ab. centmlasia Schidtz). On the hindwing the spots may be increased by 

 an apical spot (ab. nigroapicalis Schultz); the spots of each row may be united to form complete bands 

 (ab. nigrostriata Schultz), and these bands may anastomose (ab. opaca Schultz). The following forms have 

 sereua. a very striking pattern: ali. serena Schidtz, in which the inner band of spots on the hindwing is almost 

 agassizi. or entirely absent; ab. agassizi Schultz (= graeseri .S'c/mZte) in which there is a yellow complete band on 

 the forewing from the costal margin to the inner angle, this band sometimes running along the inner 



litlcolincta. margin for some distance; and ab. luteotincta Schidtz with the forewing orange instead of lemon-yellow. 

 — Egg whitish; larva when full-grown blackish with dark brown warts and long reddish brown hair. 

 It hibernates twice as a rule and then pupates in tho spring without taking any more food. They are 

 difficult to rear, and bring many disappointments. It is advisable so to force the larva that it pupates 

 after tho first winter, in which, however, one is not always successful. The moth appears in May and 

 June, and is found singlj', more often in tho East than in the West, and flies sometimes also in daj'time, 

 its fhght being fairly rapid. Dandelion and willow are recommended as food-plants (v. Schick). 



65. Genus: Axiopoeiia Mm. 



This genus consists of one large species. Head large, frons woolly. Palpi fairly long, obliquely upturned, 

 with small end-segment. Tongue long and strong; eyes large; antennae simple. Thorax woolly; 

 abdomen stout, club-shaped posteriorly in the $. Hindtibiae with small spurs. Wings broad, of sombre 

 colour. The large, stout moths inhabit rocky mountain-regions of Anterior Asia and sometimes fly in da3'time. 



