98 AT^CTIA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



proportional size that it is difficult to find two exactly similar specimens, we confine ourselves to tiio 

 enumeration of the more important forms so as to avoid undesirable expansiveness. 



In^ciuta. A. fasciata £sp. (7i) Thorax black, white laterally; forewing black, so much traversed by white 



bands that tlic light colour is predominant. Hindwing golden yellow, red at the margin, with black 



spots; alxlomen liright scarlet with black tip and transverse dorsal spots. South Fiance and Western 



nroliosa. North Italy, ab. gratiosa H6/(. (17 i), has the black of the forewing so increased that the white is reduced 



iilicilliiicrl. to narrow hnes. -- In North Africa there occurs the form oberthutri Oberth. {17 i) with the hindwing entire- 



c.syjt'ii. ly shaded with red. — esperi .S'^ryr. (17 i), from Si}ain, has tlie dark median bands united one with the other. 



Ii(/riti(i. and ab. tigrina T'/.//., which may occur throughout the whole area, but is commonest in Spain, is still more 



white than true fasciatu. the l»ands being separated into costal and innermarginal spots. ■ — Larva blackisii 



grey, beneath reddish, with dark wai-ts; above it is grey-brown with bright foxy red hair laterally; that 



of the form esperi is said to have a red dorsal stripe. Rearing is difficult and uncertain, but sometimes 



one obtains imagines from all the larvae without any apparent special reason, identical treatment often 



l)roducing quite different results. Frequently the larvae get through the winter only to die in the spring. 



Normally they pupate in May, the moth appearing in June or Jidy, not being rare in South Europe; 



the Mauretanian form oberfhueri appears to he considerably rarer. 



iliihi. A, dido Wngii. (IHd). Forewing wood-brown, with lemon-yellow spots at the base and margin; 



hindwing bright red with blacldsh spots edged with whitish. In North Africa; as yet only found at a few 

 places, especially in Eastern Algeria near the frontier of Tunis, in June; comes to the lamp at night. 



thiheiicu. A. thibetica FeW. (= suttadra Moore, cajula S/grr.) (18 a). Forewing reddish brown, with sparse light 



spots ; an irregular yellowish l)and Ijegins before the outer third of the costa and runs straight to the 

 inner angle. Hindwing bright scarlet with a few discal spots and a black band of spots before the margin. 

 pulchi'ior. In ab. pulchrior ah. nov. the light spots of the forewing are considerably larger, the discal spots of the 

 ((nmiilidra. hindwing are absent and the submarginal band of spots is interrupted, ab. aurantiaca ?to?«. «oi\ is a form 

 wjtli yellow hindwings. — From Kashmir to Tiljet, widelj- distributed, in mountainous regions, often not 

 rare; in Kulu iiiid Dharmsala in the south, also at Ladak and Chitral. 



inlercularis. A. intercalaris Ey. (= alpherakii »S7(/r.) (18 a). Forewing black-brown, banded with ivory, with almost 



the same colouring and marking as a small caja. Hindwing brilliant scarlet; before the margin black 



iUthija. spots, which may be confluent. — In the form ilithya BoUcher, from Naryn, the hght median band is 



absent, the white on the forewing being reduced and distributed as in .!. thihcticu. — In Turkestan. Tibet. 



and in Siberia in the Altai. 



caju. A. caja L. (18 b). Forewing diuk brown, banded witJi white as iji tiie preceding, but quite twice 



as large. Hindw^ing bright red, before the margin and in the disc with black spots having a steely blue 



centre. Thorax brown with rod collar. Abdomen scarlet with black transvei'se dorsal spots; no lateral 



spots. There are very many alierrations, which were partly obtained artificially, partly by chance. 



OBEKTHiJR mentions about 500 different caju and figures 36 such abeiTations. This great variability 



chiefly consists in the increase in size or the reduction of the wlute bands of the forewing and the black 



plKtnUismd. spots of the hindwing. ab. phantasma Niei)elt, in which the forewing is uniformly creamy white and the 



obscnra. hindwing vermilion without any spots, and ab. obscura C'oc/i//. (= futuraFicA-., glaseri Stichel), in which the 



forewing is dark brown without any marking, and the hindwing uniformly black, are the extremes of a 



series of named forms, as e. g. ab. liineburgensis Mncld.-Siein, sijltica Wcni., dealhaia ^chuUz (in the 



nihrodor- direction of phanfasnia) and clarhi Tutl (towards obscura). Of aberrations in other directions we mention: 



.S7UJS. j^Ij rubrodorsalis Schultz, in which the black spots on the abdomen are absent, ab. pallens »S't7( Mfc, in which 



lidescens. ^^^ ground-colour of the forewing is brownish yellow, and ab. lutescens Tutt (= flava Aign.) in which the 



yidiiili'tissi. hindwing is sulphur-yellow. Ruber names small specimens obtained by inbreeding ab. standfussi. — 



Throughout Europe and Anterior Asia, from Scandinavia, Lapland and North Russia southward to the 



Mediterranean and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pamir, Kashmir and oven Assam. — The species also 



varies geographically; and wo have firstly forms which are found aberratively together with ordinarv 



roiilhieihi. cuja, e. g. confluens Bhl. (18 a) is a variety occurring constantly in the North (Lake Ladoga) with the 



wliite of tJie forewing reduced and the ground-colour of the hindwing dark deep red, the black spots 



liislnnicii. being more or less confluent. — lusitanica -§/»//. (18 b), on the other hand, has the hindwing and abdomen 



light red-lead colour- with the spots of the hindwing separated. ■ — In Asia caja is consideraldy larger 



than in Europe; akeady in Asia Minor it is larger, with much white on the forewing and the hindwing 



phaeosoma ^^^ *'^^' <^ almost white; tin's is wiskotti .S7^r. — phaeosoma Bm/?. (18 b), from Eastern Asia, is at once 



distinguished by the white tegulae. In this form, which is the normal one in Japan, East Siberia, Corea 



and North Cliina, the white may be predominant on the forewing, but may also be aberratively reduced, 



as in European specimens. In East iVsia, where the larva of phaeosoma is locally extraordinarily abundant 



(luripouiis. ((jraeser), specimens often occur with yellow abdomen and hindwing; this is ab. auripennis BiiiJ. — 



oricittali'i. In orietitalis Moore, from Kashmir to the Khasia Hills, the thorax and forewing are more yellowish red- 



