ARL'TIA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 99 



l)ro\vn, as in certain local forms in North America, where caja occurs in some very different varieties 

 {utahensis, opulenta, transmontana, etc.). — Egg greenish white, larva with very long and dense hair, 

 which is red on the anterior segments and on the others hiack above and only red laterallj-, placed on 

 warts with a whitish gloss; when touched roughly the hairs sting slightly, hut do not cause any note- 

 worthy inflammation. From September until May, at the edges of woods, on meadows in the woods, on 

 nettles, dandelion and many other low-growing plants. Attempts to breed aberrations by feeding the 

 larvae with certain plants (foliage of walnut, etc.) were not successful. Common. 



A. flavia Fwe.s.s/. (= \ivgo Hhi.) (18 h). As large as caja, but the fore-wang black streaked and banded (luviu. 

 with white, the black median area, however, not being divided. Hindwing yellow with black spots. Ab- 

 domen red, black dorsally and at the apex. In the Higher Alps, but only sporadical, occurring in the ,.„^.p^, 

 Upper Engadine, in the Grisons, the Vallais, etc. The specimens vary extraordinarily, even in the same obiscnni. 

 locality, ab. rosea Lorez has the hindwings tinged with rose-red, in ab. obscura Lorez they are lirown like ll'i^'o'l^il"- 

 the underside. In ab. flavoabdominalis Lorez the abdomen is yellow instead of red. In ab. atroabdominalis niroalKh- 

 Schultz the black of the apex is e.xtended over the entire abdomen, ab. stygialis Schultz has the fore^^ing minalis. 

 entire!}- black. Instead of black the forewing may be more or less deep brown (ab. brunnea Spul.). In *'y'""'''>- 

 ab. nigricans Lorc2 there are still traces of white. The costal border may be much broadened; this is the nigricans. 

 case in ai). latemarginata .S'c/jwte; it is mo.stly wliite, but may be yellow, as in flavocostata -S'pwL In ab. ^''tf- 

 angustesignata Spul. the wliite is altogether extended and the black reduced. Although names have been n^^ig!.""'"' 

 given to specimens differing in the markings they are of little value. — On the other hand flavia varies coslala. 

 slightly geographicallj-. In the Ural the form uralensis Hei/ne occurs, with the fore-ning very thinly marked «|','/""'''''- 

 with wliite, the costa being black and the hindwing darker yellow. — In the Altai sibirica /fe(/?ie is found, »',Y,';('„xi'.v 

 with very light yellow liindwing and the colour often altogether paler. — In campestris Graes., from the sibirica. 

 Amur, the median spot does not reach the inner margin. — Egg white. Full-grown larva black, with f""'?'"'''''''- 

 greyish yellow hairs; warts dark, hairs with white tip. Hidden in daytime in crevices of Malls and boul- 

 ders; feeds at night on low-growing plants, hibernates twice and pupates in June in a cocoon between 

 stones, the pupa being brown and immobile. The moth in July. It flies late at night, coming to the 

 light. At midsummer one may sometimes find at the same time in crevices of the same heap of stones 

 freshly laid eggs, half-grown larvae, pupae and fully developed moths. The species, which is much sought 

 after by collectors, is already much decimated at many of its former flight-places. 



A. villica L. (18 c). The Cream-spot Tiger has black forewng with usually rounded ivory white villieu. 

 spots, and bright yellow hindwing spotted with black; abdomen red vnth black dorsal spots to the tip; 

 triangular white spots on the tegulae. In Northern and Central Europe with the exception of the Arctic 

 region; in varieties southward to the Mediterranean and eastward to Anterior Asia. — The species vari(^ 

 ver}^ much individualh-. The white spots of the forewing may merge together to form transverse bands 

 {ah. fasciata) or longitudinal ones {ah. radiata, ursula); they may be reduced in size (ab. paucimaculata) 

 or in number (ab. medionigra, stratidi). On the other hand, the black ground-colour can be almost super- 

 seded by the white spots, so that only traces of it remain, as in ab. neglecta Schultz. Again, specimens neylevla. 

 are known which are almost entirely black: ab. caliginosa Schultz. If both the white forewing and the caliginosa. 

 hindwing are almost imspotted we have ab. illustris Schultz. Oberthue (Etudes XX, plate 16, 17) illuslrifi. 

 figures a great many aberrations without proposing an,y names, in wliich we gladly follow him; so do 

 ?tIriBirs and Wintersteix in Iris 17 plate 6, and 18 plate '2. Especially in England, where such 

 sports are very much sought after, the collections are rich in such abnormal specimens. To these 

 belong also the more common form ab. contracta Schultz, whose hindwing bears black bands, and ab. roHlriiiln. 

 crodeli Schultz, in which the costal margin of the hindwing is Idackened. Sometimes the ground-colour rrodrli. 

 varies; that of the forewing may be grey: ab. pallida .S'c'/(i</^?, while that of the hindwing is brown in [udliilu. 

 ab. brunnescens Schultz. — Local variations of rillica both in colour and markings are more interesting, brunncs- 

 In konewkai Frr. (= domiduca Afjr.) (18 c), from Italy. South Spain and Persia, as well as the lower ^.o„V((7,o(. 

 altitudes in Sicily, the white spots of the foreAving and usually also the inner discal spots of the hindwing 

 are united to form bands. — In bellieri Fai/^a (= chavignieri Failla, brunhilda Stgr. i. 1.) (18 c), from the bellieri. 

 higher altitudes of Sicily, both the groimd-colom- of the forewing and the spots on the hindwing are 

 chestnut instead of black. — angelica Bdv. (18 c) has the .spots of the forewing lemon-A-ellow instead of angeluM. 

 white; from South Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor, local. — confiuens Bom. is a form with the confhiens. 

 the spots of the forewing confluent, wliich is however constant in localities where true villica does not occur, 

 as in North Persia, Armenia and parts of Tm-kestan. It is characteristic of the form that the two large 

 external spots are broadly confluent, wliile the inner ones are more or less isolated. — fulminans Stgr., fuliiiitKitis. 

 from Syria, has the hindwing bright red instead of yellow. — Egg white. Larva iron-black, Avith reddish 

 brown head and legs, black warts bearing tufts of brown and gi-ey hair. Stigmata white. Until the 

 beginning of ilay on low-growing plants. Pupa in a coarse cocoon, black with brown segmental incisions 

 and a tuft of bristles at the apex. Moth in June and the beginning of Julj', almost everywhere in East 

 Europe, in the west more sporadical and absent in large districts or becoming rarer from year to year; 



