114 DASYCHIRA. By Dr. E. Strand. 



lines edged with pure white on the inner side. Hindwing white with indication of a dark submarginal band. 

 ^: Forewing olive-grej', with blaci< median area and darker indistinct slightly wavy transverse lines in the 

 marginal and basal areas. Hindwing greyish j'ellow, with a transverse band which is slightly more distinct than 

 in the $, and sometimes forms an elbowed anal spot. In Europe, from Southern Scandinavia to the northern 

 districts of South Europe, also in Asia, where it is probably distributed over the greater part of the Palearctic 

 iuglamJis. Region, being known from Armenia ( ?), Syria, Amurland, Ussuri, North-J^ast China, Japan. juglandis//6»i. de- 

 notes a form which is rather strongly divergent in the ^, being distinguished by a greyish white head and thorax 

 (in typical specimens this is dark brown or only slightly lighter), as well as by a whitish basal area of the fore- 

 wing. The median area is grey with blackish discocellular spot and marginal lines; hindwing with distinct 

 dark submarginal band and discocellular spot. In the $ the submarginal band of the hindwing is also more 

 concolor. distinct than in tyjjical specimens, ab. concolor Stgr. (19e) has dark grey forewing, unicolorous or with only 

 traces of transverse lines. Said to be rather more common in North Germany, otherwise rare, among true jtu- 

 (lihunda. — Egg light yellowish ])rown with dark median spot. Larva usually light lemon-yellow, but sometimes 

 broMnish yellow, violet or blackish grey, with deep black segmental incisions, lighter dorsal brushes and red 

 or brown pencil on the 11"^ segment. It lives from the end of July until October on deciduous trees, espe- 

 cially beeches, and pupates in a yellowish or brown cocoon according to the colour of the hairs of the larva, the 

 pupa, which hibernates, being blackish or reddish brown. The moth appears in the spring and early summer, 

 and rests on boards or tree-trunks. Late in the autumn, but very rarely, single and usually small specimens are met 

 with which have emerged too soon. The moths are not rare. In some years they are so abundant that the 

 larvae denude the trees, but this does not mean any very great damage, on account of the lateness of the season. 



modexta. ^' tiodesla Kirhy (= pudica Stgr. nee Moore.) (22 a) is very closely allied to pudibunda, but on the whole 



rather smaller; the two black median lines bounding the median area are more distinct, with shorter teeth, 

 and the outer transverse line is not nearly so much incurved posteriorly as in pudibunda. Before the outer 

 margin there is always a row of black spots, but never a whitish transverse marking in the middle of the mar- 

 ginal area; hindwing of the (^ much darker than in pudibunda., and the dark lines on the under side are cpiite 

 absent or only slightly indicated at the costal margin. The marginal area of the forewing of the $ with narrower, 

 straighter and more blackish transverse lines, and the hindwing is whitish with obsolescent dark median spot 

 and black dots on the fringes; there are no transverse bands on the underside of both wings in the $. — Larva 

 until the end of August on different deciduous trees ; it is so similar to that of pudibunda as to be easily confused 

 with it. 



Imniltild. D- lunulata Butl., from Japan, lias the forewing silvery grey dusted with blackish., with an oblique 



black transverse line near the base, which commences with tlu'ee brown spots edged with black and is followed 

 by a blackisli costal spot ; a half moon-shaped black line stands slightly beyond the centre, and near the margin 

 there is a row of blackish lunules. Hindwing of the ^ smoky brown, of the $ dull white with a dark disco- 

 cellular spot and two darker discal stripes parallel with the margin, and with a row of dark dots at the margin. 

 Body white, thorax grey, abdomen of (J with dark transverse stripes laterally. Pectinations of antenna rusty 

 red. Underside of both wings dull white with dark discocellular sj^ot and a discal stripe forked in the ,:^ ; the $ 

 a(ron!/(Ui.v,ith dark marginal spots on the forewing. Expanse 53 to 67 mm. — acronycta Obertk. (19 e), based on 

 speci7nens from Askold, an island near Vladivostock, has no dark transverse band bounding the median area 

 on the inner side, but in place of it there are at the costal margin two united transverse bars (or a ring- 

 shaped mark), the extramedian transver.se line is sharply broken in zigzag shape and the hindwing is 

 soUfarut. lighter than in true lunulata. 54 mm. — solitaria iS'^g-r. (19f).The ?islarger (70to 72 mm.), with lighter hindwing, 

 bearing two white transverse bands in the ajjical half, and two dark spots at the costal half of the forewing. 

 Habitat as in acronycta*). 



virgrvea. 



D. virginea Oberth. (19 f), from the island of Askold, near Vladivostock, is a white moth with a 

 yellow sheen in ])arts ; expanse of the $ 67 mm. ; on the forewing above tliere is an indication of two wavy 

 narrow transverse bands formed of very minute dark speckles. The ^, measuring only 50 mm., has head, 

 thorax and forewing white: on the last there are two transverse bands as in the 9> but the outer one 

 is much more distinct. Hindwing and abdomen browii-grey, but greyish white in the apical third. 



(lolbcn/iae. In D. dalbergiae Moore (22 a), from the North-AVestern Himalayas, the ,^ has dark fawn forewing 



with dense and minute black dots; in the marginal area a greyish band curved basad at the costal margin, 

 otherwise straight and with a Avavy edge on the inner side. Hindwing light grey with dense minute brown 



*) IjKicch (Trans. Bnt. Soc. London 1899, p. 125) maintains tliat acronycta does not differ in tlie least from .Tapanese 

 spncimens; Uie differences shown by acronycta and lunulata are explained by the figure of lunulata being "a very bad one". 

 But a^ STAriiiN-OKu already very eorrci^dy pniuted out (Mem. Rom. VI, p. :?l)7)the original description of lunulata men- 

 tions characteristius which do not well apply to acronycta, and Siaudi.nui'.r's remark (1. c.) that Leech, who was other- 

 wise a good Lepidopterist, cannot always be relied on in such questions, is likewise well founded. 



