ORGYIA. By Dr. E. Strand. 117 



0. aurolimbala Guen. (191)). (^ brownish black with golden fringes: $ reddish yellow or brown-grey. at«roZim6a/o. 

 Eastern Pyrenees and Catalonia, as well astlielli and Issyk-kul districts. — In Castile there occurs var. guadarra- guadarra- 

 mensis»S7///'.. which is smaller with unicolouroiLS wings and duller fringes on the forewing. — Larva gre_yish brown "'<^"'*!*'- 

 with yellow markings, reddish brown dorsal tufts and black pencils of hair on segments 1 and 11. Until May 

 on genista; the moth found in June and July. 



0. flavolinibata Stgr. (19 b). J : forewing smoke-])lack with pale yellow fringes, suffused with a hghtcr flavoHinbala. 

 colour below towards the apex and margin; smaller than the preceding sjiecies. $ entirely witliout wings, 

 with snowy white hair. Tian-shan and Altai. — According to Staudinger and Rebel's Catalogue tristis /ri.sfe. 

 Gr.'Orsh. (from Pamir) is perhaps synonymous mith flavolitnbtild, but it seems to differ more strongly from 

 flavoliinhiita than tl).e latter does from aurolimhUa, being easily distinguished from flavolimbaki by being only 

 half the size of the latter (expanse 11 mm, flavolimbata 19 to 22 mm). 



0. ochrolimbata Stgr. {= christophi Alph.) (19 b), from the South-West Caucasus, is distinguished from nrlirolnn- 

 the preceding species by the fringes being ochreous also at the inner margin of the hindwing and by the indication ''"'"■ 

 of an indistinct lighter and very broad transverse band with dark median spot on the forewing; on the hind- 

 wing, moreover, the marginal area only is as dark as the hindwing of the preceding species. 



0. panlacroixi Oherth. (19 b), from Algeria, has dark brown forewing with a blackish sui)niarginal band, iMidacroixi. 

 two similar median transverse streaks once elbowed and blackish, base; hindwing blackish with lighter band along 

 distal and inner margins. Found in June at Tuelagh. 



0. gonostigma F. (19 a). cj: Forewing light chestnut with blackish discal spot and transverse lines and (jonoslujtna 

 whitish spots. The $ (a 5) is blackish grey to yellowish grey and is much larger than in anliqua. Throughout 

 Europe and Northern Asia, from South Scandinavia and Russia to Corsica, and from England, Belgium and 

 France to Japan. Local, but usually not rare. — In East Asia occurs the form approximans Bull. ; this is <ii>iiroxi- 

 similar to gonostigma, but the wings are narrower and more acutely pointed, the forewing has smaller spots and ""'"^• 

 only two instead of four or five at the ii\)ex ; the ground-colour of the forewing darker and the black spots there- 

 fore less prominent. Expanse 33 or 34 mm. — Egg round, wh.ite with darker centre. Larva black, with light 

 yellow longitudinal stripes, reddish or greyish yellow warts, light ochreous dorsal tufts and black pencils 

 on segments 1 and 11; full-grown in May and June, and again in August, on deciduous shrubs, especially sal- 

 low, as well as on young fruit-trees, roses, raspberries and blackberries. Pupa in loose, brownish concoon; the 

 moths in June and autumn. 



0. antiqua L. (19 a) is common from' Southern Lapland to the Mediterranean and goes eastward to the anliqua. 

 Amur; it seems to be absent from Andahisia and the Balkan, but occurs in Northern Nt)rth America. The ^,^ 

 vary considerably in colour, var. modesta Heyne, from Central Russia, is uniformly pale brown with obsolescent mudcsla. 

 markings distally. Another form, also with, only slight markings, but light yellowish grey in colour, occurs 

 in tlie Bukovina; this form, which moreover is larger than West European specimens may be named var. 

 bukowina nom. 7iov. The form (ab) confinis Gr.-Grsh. (22 c), which is darker brown with lighter basal and median hukowina. 

 area, lias been described from the Changai Mts. in Mongolia and from the Kuku-Nor district. Much darker, conftms. 

 blackish brown ,^,^ are named al) infernalis Rbl., while bright l)roAvnish yellow and much lighter specimens infcmalis. 

 are called ab. dilutior Schullz (described from Germany). — zimmermanni Graes., described from two ^S from dilutior. 

 Blagovechensk in Amurland, is very closely allied to antitma, and seems to be a transition between the latter dimmer- 

 and ericae; it is especially distinguished by the fringes of the forewing not being cherpiered and by the narrower 

 and more unicolourous forewing, which bears a large greyish white spot in the middle of the costal margin 

 extending mward to the reniform spot, which latter is edged with white at the discocellular ; three narrow dark 

 lines traverse the wings, the space between the two iimer ones being shaded with dark at the costal margin, 

 while in antiqua this part of the wmg is usually rather lighter than the rest ; in zimmernuinni the marginal area, 

 moreover, is not suffused with a darker colour as is the case in antiqua. — Eggs of antiqua whitish, with darker 

 centre and edge. Larva iron-grey, with reddish and whitish yellow markings, yellow or brownish dorsal tufts 

 and blackish pencils on segments 1 ajid 11; on segments 4 and 5, moreover, there are pencils of hair directed 

 laterad, by which the larva is at once distinguished from that of gonostigma and other species of Orgyia. Almost 

 throughout the year until September on numerous trees and shrubs, also on maple, plantain and other 

 usually but little favoured deciduous trees. Pupa yellowish grey, darker dorsally, in an ovate yelloM'ish grey 

 cocoon. The moths occur everywhere in the area of distribution, being common in almost every locality until 

 October, the ^^^ flying by day in the sunshine, their flight being irregular, restless and tumbling; they are 

 found as abundantly in towns as on wood-paths and country roads. 



0. frigotephras Bdv. (19 b). (J: Forewing brownish yellow, with a light grey elbowed ikntemediAn Irigotephras. 

 transverse line and two spots of the same colour in the costal marginal area, the median one being placed trans- 



