ARCTORNIS; STILPNOTIA. By Dr. E. Strand. 123 



L. litura Walk. ^ : Like exclamationis, but dark greyish brown, head, collar and legs ochreous. lilura. 

 :{() to 36 mm. — Distribution as in the preceding (Kashmir, etc.). 



L. lieterogyna Hamps. (22 c), tiom Kashmir, differs from the preceding species principally in that helcronyna. 

 the $ has aborted wings. ^ dull brown, clothed with long hair-like scales, discocellular spot of the fore- 

 wing smoky black, a smoke-coloured smear between the base of veins 2 and 4 and an indistinct smear 

 at the upper angle of the cell. ^ 44 mm. 



10. Genus: Arctoriiis Germ. 



On account of the reasons mentioned in the introduction we place this genus with the Areolatae 

 despite the fact that it has noareole*); but I do not doubt that specimens of ^. l-nigrum sometimes occur 

 which have an areole. Otherwase Arctornis is closely allied to Laelia and Stilpnotia. Antennae compar- 

 atively shorter the in L. coenosa. Most easily distinguished from Stilpnotia by the two dorsal veins of 

 the forewing being connected by a transverse vein as in the Noctuids. — Larva (of A. l-nigrum) very 

 hairy; than hairs are especially long at both ends and arranged in tufts dorsally; it pupates between 

 leaves spun together, and the moth emerges after two or three weeks, sometimes even after a few days 

 (8 to 10). The moths are extremely delicate; they rest with the wings flat in roof-shape on the surface 

 of a leaf, almost exactly forming an equilateral triangle. They are then very difficult to recognise, 

 as their colour differs little from that of the leaf, the wing in life having a layer of greenish liquid matter 

 between the membranes. When the moth dries the greenish hue disappears, as was already observed 

 by OcHSENHEiMER, the^ wings assuming a more or less pure white colour. 



A. I-nigrum Miill. (20 a). Pure white, with narrow black costal margin and black discoidal vein, i-nifirum. 

 Legs with one to three black spots. 45 to 60 mm. Widely distributed in Europe (South Sweden, Finland, 

 Denmark, Central Europa, North and Central Italy, Armenia, Amurland, Japan. Corea). Larva Math 

 eight tufts of hair dorsally, of which the three central ones are reddish yellow, the others whitish. It 

 hibernates and lives until June on deciduous trees, especially young limes and beeches, from which it 

 jumps down when disturbed. The moth, which appears after a very short period of pupation, is almost 

 everywhere rare in Europe, more common in Asia. Pupa transparent light green, with yellow and black 

 marking. After hailstorms and heavy rains, which destroy many moths, one often finds the moths thrown 

 down on the roads in woods. 



A. alba Brem. (— sinensis Moore) (22 c). Pure white, wings with a silky gloss, forewing with i\ aiOa. 

 black discocellular spot, which is sometimes absent (= ab. depuncta ab. nov.). Frons, palpi and parts of the dcpunda. 

 legs ochreous. Pectinations of antennae brown. 34 mm. — In Bremer's description an ochreous spot is 

 mentioned in the middle of the wing, but as such a spot seems never to occur (also according to obser- 

 vations by Leech, 1899), and as Bremer does not mention the black discocellular spot, I take it that 

 the description ,, ochreous" is a laps. cal. for ,, black" spot. 



11. Genus: Stilpnotia Westw. & Humphr. 



Closely allied to the preceding genus, but the dorsal veins of the forewing not connected, veins 

 6 and 7 of the hindwing with longer stalk, la considerably shorter than lb. Palpi errect, reaching the 

 vertex of the head. Antennae bipectinate in the i^, bidentate in the $. Hindtibia with two pairs of 

 spurs. Without or with an areole. Larva of the Palearctic species hibernating. The moths of some species 

 may be very abundant in certain years and congregate in migrating swarms. 



S. salicis L. (20 a). White, sometimes with ochreous, or in the ^J even blackish costal margin; salicw. 

 head and collar as well as the pectinations of the aiitennae dark. Tibiae and tarsi with broad black 

 rings. 44 to 55 mm. Throughout Europe, southward to South Russia, the Northern Balkan Peninsula, 

 throughout Italy, Central Spain, Corsica, Armenia, North-Eastern Asia Minor, Issj'k-kul, Altai, Tian-shan, 

 South-Eastern Siberia; also in the Arctic region, for instance South Varanger in Finmark (Norway). — 

 The East-Asiatic form Candida Stgr. has much purer glossy white and entirely opaque, more thickly scaled, Candida. 

 wings and is on the whole smaller, with narrower wings. From Eastern Siberia, Urga, Amurland, Japan, 

 Corea, China. ■ — Yellowish grey specimens are ab. sohesti Capr. Specimens from Tian-shan with black soliesli. 

 pectinations of the antennae of the ^ are nigripennata Stgr. ab. nigrociliata Fiichs has sharp black nigripen- 

 marginal third of the costal margin and glossy black fringes; Germany, ab. rubicunda Strand has both nata. 

 the wings and hairy covering reddish, almost rose-red at the costal and inner margins of the forewing "^^^p^j'^^J^^'' 

 (cJ); in South Norway. — The eggs are laid on tree-trunks in clusters covered with a paper-like substance. 



•) In Aurivilius, iNord.jns Fjarilar, Liria (= Arctornis) is dcscribud as havinj,' an areole. 



