LYMANTRIA. By Dr. E. Strand. 127 



elongate than those of the (^. Palpi very hairy. Vein 6 of the fore wing originating below the anterior 

 angle of the cell, 7, 8, 9 and 10 stalked, 7 branching off at a greater distance from the cell than 10. 

 Veins 6 and 7 of the hindwing originating from the anterior angle of the cell. — Distributed in the Pale- 

 arctic, Indo-Aiistralian , African, and Nearctic Regions. Closely allied to the genus Cisjna*). 



L. dispar L. (20 d). Forewing with four distinctly separated black transverse lines and one or di.ipar. 

 two black basal spots, in the (^ bro\vnish grey, at the base and in the outer median area purer grey; 

 hindwing of ^J yellowish brown with indistinct dark discocellular spot and indistinct transverse band. 

 Wings of $ yellowish white, forewing with black discal spot, hindwing with or without dark submarginal 

 band. (J 36 to 50, $ 50 to 65 mm. Distributed throughout the Palearctic Region with the exception of 

 the Canaries, the Arctic and partly the Subarctic districts, very rare in South Scandinavia and Finland, 

 in the East in Amurland, Corea, Japan, North, West and Central China. Also in North America. — The 

 species varies very strongly and many forms have already received names. In the (^ of disparina Mii.ll. disparina. 

 the ground-colour is predominantly whitish yellow, especially in the marginal cells; the $ is al.so lighter 

 and without any marking except three regular, connected, wavy or almost zigzag, dark, transverse lines, 

 as well as dark marginal dots on both wings, ab. fasciata Rebel, $, which is said to bear "transverse stripes fasciata. 

 widened into bands on the forewing", is probably disinguished from disparina by the dark transverse 

 markings being broader and the ground-colour perhaps darker than in disparina. ab. bordigalensis Mab. bordigalen- 

 (= disparoides Gasch.) is a dwarf form ($ expanse about 40 mm., the ^ proportionately smaller) (from ■'^^" 

 France), while major Fuchs is the name given to a large form (length of forewing of $ 34 to 35 mm., major. 

 (J 23 mm.) from North Germany, erebus Th.-Mieg, from North England, North-West Germany, North erebits. 

 China, etc., is a much darker, predominantly black-brown (J-form. The transition to it is setniobscura semi- 

 Th.-Mieg. — umbrosa Bull., from Japan, is distinguished by diffuse markings and the absence of the "''•'^'^"''"■ 

 black wavy dentate discal line outside the cell of the forewing, while the sublimbal dark transverse line 

 is present but very indistinct; ^ up to 51 mm., $ about 62 mm. — wladiwostockensis ab. nov. (20c) ,^, wladiwn- 

 is smaller (expanse 31, length of forewing 15. 5, of body 13 mm.); forewing blackish brown, with indis- ■'-■'"'*''"-'*'■''• 

 tinct greyish markings, median and marginal areas about equally dark, the dark dot-like spots of the 

 basal half sharply defined; hindwing smoky brown, slightly darker at the mai'gin. Ground-colour of under- 

 side of both wings like the hindwing above, with discocellular spot and transverse band as in the prin- 

 cipal form. Vladivostock (Coll. Seitz). — ■ Schtjltz describes several aberrations with reduced markings from 

 German specimens, insignata $ is unicolourous, being even without the discocellular spot and without the in.<ii(inala. 

 black dots before it on the foreAving. angulifera $, without any marking on the foremng but the disco- aiKjidifera. 

 cellular spot and one black dot, while the hindwing is normal, unifascia $, with a dark transverse band in unifasda. 

 the median area of the forewing, but otherwise without markings, submarginalis 9, with a broad dark band snhmargi- 

 along the margin of the hindwing. — japonica Motsch. (= hadina Bull., fumida Bull. ^ nee $) (20 d) is '.'"'"*•. 

 the Japanese form, which is distinguished by the larger size and the absence or indistinctness of the black 

 markings at the costal margin and on the wing-surface, apart from the discocelhilar spot. Moreover, the 

 ground-colour of both wings is darker, being greyish brown, and the black marginal spots, especially on 

 the hindwing, are more distinct. The largest specimens before me measure 92 mm; according to Leech 

 (1899) East Asiatic specimens of "L2/ma)?iri«(Zts/jaT", with which the unites the form japonica, reach 114 mm., 

 the latter dimensions probably apply to japonica. The (5*, according to Motschottlsky, is distinguished by the 

 indistinctness of the broAvn wavy lines as well as by the larger size. It is also considerably darker, being 

 dark .smoky browoi; the hindwdng quite unicolourous, the forewing, which has a tinge of olive, bears two 

 incurved, widely separated, black zigzag lines, which bound the central third of the wing and enclose a broad 

 irregular obsolescent band of the same colour; the margin with a broad blackish band irregularly sinuate 

 on the inner side ; fringes chequered with brown and black. (J 53 mm. Japan, Kwei-chow in China. — Ano- 

 ther Japanese form is fumida Butl., closely allied to japonica Motsch., but smaller and darker. $, forewing fumida. 

 smoky brown, lighter in the marginal area with the exception of the apex, the discal lines composed of 

 lunules closer together than in L. dispar; the inner one (originating at the apex of the cell) fairly dis- 

 tinct, the second one indistinct, the third consisting of broad lunular smoky brown spots. Hindwing dirty 

 greyish yellow, with a broad submarginal light brown band, but entirely without marginal spots. Abdomen 

 like the hindwing, but the last segments with broad red margins. $ 63 to 65 mm. ^J like the $, but con- 

 siderably smaller and darker. — sinica Moore, (J from Shanghai and Formosa, is perhaps not different from sinica. 

 fumida, but according to the description it appears that the abdomen is everywhere suffused with reddish; 

 collar red, discocellular spot present on the underside of both wings; it is not certain from the description 



*) Hainpson's characterisation of the two genera Lymantria and Cispia in "Motlis of India" is partly incorrect. In 

 the key Lymanlria stands under "palpi upturned", while in reality they ar^ porrect. In tlie diagnosis of Ciipia ,, palpi porrect" 

 is stated, which is correct, but in the accompanying figure llic palpi are drawn as upturned; tliey are also relatively longer and slen- 

 derer than in tliis figure, Cisjna being fairly easily distinguished thereby from the otlicrwise very closely allied Lymantria. Tlien, 

 in tlie diagnosis of Cispia tliere stands: "10 being given off from nearer the cell or from tlie same point as 7", but in llie figure 

 it certainly originates nearer the aper tlian 7. In nature only Cispia rcnosa Wallc. is known to me, and in this species 7 and 10 

 originate from about the same point or 10 periiaps a sliade nearer tlie apex. 



