EUPROCTIS. By Dr. E. Strand. 135 



of antennae browTiish. $ without any darker suffusion. — flavonigra 3Ioore has hght ochreous forewing and flavonigra. 

 black hindwing, white at the base, fi'inges ochreous. — Larva black, head striped with white, segment 1 with 

 red band and long black brush, dorsally with yellow spots. Throughout India, also in the North (Kashmir). ^ 28, 

 $ 37 mm. 



P. torasan Holl. (23 a), from Shirakawa in Japan, is {^) uniformly orange-red, hindwing above suffused torasan. 

 with a darker tint in the centre, forewing beneath with a small dark brown smear not far from the apex. 

 Expanse 22 mm. (According to Hampson i. 1. this species is not an Euproctis but a Porthesia.) 



P, tsingtauica spec. nov. (23 c). One ^ from Tsingtau (Coll. Seitz). Forewing bright ochreous with feinfftawica. 

 three black submarginal spots, the two posterior ones of which are larger, more shai-ply defined and quite 

 as broad as long, distant from the margin by about their breadth, and indistinctly divided by a lighter 

 scaled vein, while the anterior one, which is about equally distant from the distal and costal margins, is 

 almost a mere dot. Between the two anterior ones of these spots and the discocellular there are black 

 scales, which sometines may perhaps form a distinct smear. In the centre of the basal area there are also 

 black scales, which are more dispersed. Hindwing light dark brown, lighter at the base and inner margin, 

 some veins with yellow scales at the apex, the fringes golden ochreous like those of the forewing. Under- 

 side of both wangs ochreous, but paler than the upperside of the forewng, apical half of forewing (but 

 not quite to the margin) slightly irrorated with brown. The entire body covered with ochreous hair, 

 very little or scarcely at all lighter beneath; pectinations of antenna brown. Eyes deep black. Expanse 

 18.5, length of forewing 9 mm. Length of body 8.5 mm. 



25. Genus: Eiii)r«»ctis Hhn. 



This genus is widely distributed in the Indian Region, and a good many species also occur in the 

 southern districts of the Palearctic Region, but in Europe only one is found. It also occurs in Africa and 

 Australia. Palpi obliquely porrect, projecting beyond the frons. The remains of the tongue often distinct, 

 middle tibia with one pair of spurs; hindtibia with two pairs. Antennae bipectinate in both sexes. $ with 

 large anal tuft. In the forewing veins 3, 4 and 5 originate near the angle of the cell, 6 from the upper 

 angle or shortly beyond it, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are stalked, 10 originating nearer the apex than 7. On the hind- 

 wing veins 3 and 4 are stalked or originate from the angle of the cell, 6 and 7 stalked, 5 much further from 

 6 than from 4. The larvae are moderately hairy, but the hairs sometimes urticate, causing inflammation. The 

 cocoon with which the hairs of the larva are intermixed is also very dangerous for the human skin, the urticat- 

 ing faculty remaining long after the moth has left the cocoon. The moths belong to the commonest species 

 of their countries almost everywhere; by day they rest either on trunks or boards, or on the underside of 

 leaves, from which they can be flushed by beating the branches. The moths are nearly all fairly unicolorous, 

 mostly yellow, more rarely white. 



E. chrysorrhoea L. (= auriflua Esp.) (21 e). White, abdomen of S and anal tuft of 2 dark yellowish chrysor- 

 brown. Not rarely the forewing of the ^ bears black dots, vvliich are more numerous and form rows in ab. *■ "«"■ 

 punctigera Teich; the name punctella (21 e) may be given to specimens bearing only a few isolated dots. In punctigera. 

 ab. nigrosignata Bandermmm the dots are confluent forming streaks, especially near the base of the ^f^"^^- nigrosUjnata. 

 wing, and are also found on the hindwing. In ab. flavescens Bebel the forewing is yellowash hvovrn anA jiavescens. 

 without markings. The abdomen of the S is sometimes much darker, and may even be quite black. 

 I name the latter form, which occurs for instance in the Bukovina, abdominata Strand. — In South and abdomhmta. 

 Central Europe, in Southern Scandinavia, Livland, Mauretania, Asia Minor, Armenia, Sarafshan district, 

 perhaps also Japan. — Larva black, with gi-eyish brown or reddish brown hairs, red spots dorsally or two 

 red dorsal lines, black tubercles on segments 4 and 11. Head brownish black. In the autumm it emerges from 

 the eggs, which are covered with the anal wool of the $, and hibernates when young in a common nest made 

 of leaves spun together. When the trees have lost their leaves in the autumn the nests remain, looking like dark 

 bunches of leaves on the bare branches. In order to prevent the larvae from becoming noxious, these 

 bunches must be cut out of the tree and burnt. Already at the end of March the yoimg larvae begin to leave 

 the nest at intervals, but return to it again in rainy or frosty weather. The full-growm larva, which slightly 

 resembles that of Porthesia similis, pupates at the end of May or beginning of June, and the moth appears 

 from the end of June until August; not rare anywhere, but only occurring in abundance in some years. 



E. flava Bretn. (= subflava Brem.*) (21 e). Light ochreous, iorewing above from the middle /^nw. 



*) This species wa.s erected in 1S61 by Bremer as Aroa flava: in 1864 he repeated the original description, giving 

 a (very bad!) figure, and changed the name to .subflava without giving any reason or referring to his former description. 

 But the rpason was doubtless that he believed the name flava to have been preoccupied. But this is not the case, if 

 Bombi/x flava F. is treated as unrecognisable, and the original name of Buemeh's species must therefore be remtroduced. 

 SwiNHOE, in his revision of the Lijmantriidae of the Old World (1903), 'has neglected to do so, although he particularly 

 mentions that the name flava F. cannot be employed. 



