152 TRICHIURA. By Dr. K. Grunberg. 



under side broader, with diffuse edges. $ unicolorous or with a very diffuse median band, dark reddish brown 



to rather Hght ypHowisli brown. In Germany at the Baltic and in West and South-West Germany, also in 



imnoriiii- France, Southerja Europe, Asia Minor, Armenia. — panormitana Ttir. (23 f). from Sicily, is larger, the wings 



iana. ^^^ broader, more densely dusted with yellow, and in the $ bear more or less distinct yellow transverse lines. 



hftea. — In Algeria occurs a uniformly bright oclireous $-form, lutea Oberfh. (24 e). — Eggs dirty white, as in castrensis 



deposited on the stalks of low-gro\Wng plants. Larva with brownish hairs, blackish blue, the head the same 



colour, the markings variable, mostly with a narrow light brown dorsal line edged by black velvety stripes, 



and reddish yellow markings, with a light blue lateral line and reddish yellow one above the legs. Venter white 



with three black spots. May and June, gregariously until the last change of skin on Triticum, Plantago, Ru- 



mex, etc. Pupa dark brown, under stones in a whitish cocoon. 



alpicola. M. alpicola Stgr. {= franconica Mill.) (24 e). Very closely allied to fnuiconica, smaller, especially the 9, 



prima, median band of the ^ narrower and more sharply defined, also on the underside. Higher Alps. — prima Stgr. 

 (24 e), the form from the Central Asiatic mountains, is distinguished from the European form by the mucli 

 broader median band and distinct basal band of the ^. $ dark brown suffused wth yello^vish, and with a scar- 

 olheUo. cely visible band. — In ab. othello Blnch. the rj is quite uniformly black-brown, the $ not being different from 

 true nlpicold. — Eggs deposited in loose rings on slender twigs. The beautiful larva is bright greyish blue 

 with brownish hairs, the white dorsal line bounded by two broad black longitudinal stripes, which are inter- 

 rupted with yelloM'ish red. Lateral line very irregular reddish yellow, stigmata black with narrow yellow edge. 

 Especially in damp spots on willows. Pupa dark brown, in a yellow cocoon beneath stones. NoM-here rare in 

 the Higher Alps, but in some years occurring in such quantities that all loose stones and boards are covered 

 with the larvae and whole collections of cocoons are found beneath slabs of lime-stone or slate. Moth in July 

 and August. 



;]. rit'iiiis: Tricliiiira StejjJi. 



Gr(\y or ])re(1ominantly l)r(l^\•n species of medium size; (^ with short dense anal tuft, or tlie abdomen 

 only s|)arscly covered with hair {ilicis). Eyes hairy. Frons with long conical jjrocess, truncate and furnished 

 with a few small teeth at the tip. Antennae of ^ with long pectinations, with short ones in the 9- Palpi short, 

 densely hairy. Wings entire, broadly rounded, forewing with straight inner margin and strongly curved distal 

 margin. Costal margin of hindwing strongly ventricose at the base. Fringes long. Forewing ■vvith 12 veins, 

 (i and 7 as well as 9 and 10 stalked, 8 from the upper angle of the cell or from the stalk of 6 and 7; 2 to 9 

 into the margin, 10 into the apex. Vein 8 of the hindwing curved down to the cell near the base and united 

 with it as" far as the origin of 7 or even shortly stalked with 7 (crataegi); a strong and long spur curved distad 

 emanates from the very short basal cell and runs towards the costal margin. Cell of both wings closed. Legs 

 covered the' tarsi with thick, soft, woolly hair to, middle tibiae with two short end-spurs. — Larva cylindrical, 

 segment 11 mth a shght hump {crataegi) or higher one (ilicis). Body clothed with short sparse soft hair, a 

 few longer and stiffer hairs only on the flat warts. Segments 1 to 3 with a large wart on each side, on both 

 2 and 3 two dorsal warts in addition; 4 to 11 M'ith two dorsal warts and three smaller lateral Avarts on each 

 side, all eight in a fairly regular transverse row. Pupa in a strong, parchment-like coccon, thin-skinned, reddish 

 brown, with several small hooked bristles at the stumpy posterior end. The larvae live gregariously in nests 

 and do not separate until they are nearly full-grown. 



cralaciji. T. crataegi L. (= floccosa CL, vidisideae L., sylvina Fuessl.. maii F., avellanae F., bicaudata Relz.) 



(24 e). Light ashy grey to brownish grey or greyish brown, forewing with broad dark median band edged I)y 



sharp bhvck lines; the inner border dentate at the costal margin, the outer one strongly wav}-. Forewing in 



addition with indistinct wavy submarginal line; both wings with dark marginal line. Hindwing with narroA\' 



dark median band slightly lighter on the outer edge. L^nderside of both wings with wavy dark brown median 



band. The 99 ^^''^ usually darker than the cJo> predominantly grejash brown. Europe (with the exception 



of the Arctic Region, Sicily, Greece and the countries around the Black Sea). A light-coloured form, whitish in 



the,^, light yelloAAnsh grey in the 9- i" M'hich the dark band of the forewing is more prominent, is distinguished 



paUida. by TuTT as ab. pallida. — The Alpine and Northern form ariae Hbn. {= arbusculae Pfajf) (24 f), from the 



artae. ^jpg Apennines, Riesengebirge, etc., Scandinavia, Lapland, is characterised by darker grcAash broAvn eolour- 



freyvri. ing. In Norway two forms of the larva occur. The larva hibernates U\ice. — ab. freyeri TuH (= ariae Fr. 



nee Hhn.), also a form of the high(>r Alps, is light whitish grey in the S- The larva lives on an alpine species 



m.-ilil'tami. of willow. — Another form, castiliana Spul., is as yet only known from Castile. .^ \vith bright markings, the 



black borders of the dark band of the forewing less wavy; 9 hght brownish grey. Eggs embedded in the anal 



wool of the 9- Larva so variable] in" markings and colouring that there is sometimes hardly any similarity 



