LASIOCAMPA. By Dr. K. GrunberG. 155 



grey, anal wool of $ strongly mixed with whitish grey. Basal and discal spots of forewing small, the band of 

 the (J strongly dentate, interrupted in the centre, the connection with the basal spot indistinct; in the $ the 

 band separated into streaks confined to the veins. (J with white dentate marginal band, which sometimes con- 

 sists of single broad vein-stripes and is in the $ always separated into narrow streaks. Hindwing dark with the 

 distal marginal area greyish, or predominantly greyish white with brown median band. 8outh-Eastern Russia, 

 Armenia, Altai. Larva similar to that of lanestris, blackish grey, with velvety black warts bearing rust-red 

 hair, and with ^\'hite lateral dots forming longitudinal lines. In May on Acacia. Pupates in a brown barrel- 

 cocoon. Moth in August. 



E. henckei Stgr. (2-ti). Dirty smoke-grey, especially on the forewing. Body partly or predominantly '«cHc/cei. 

 white-hairy. Forewing with wliitish veins and an oblique pale median band, which is broad in (J and narrow or 

 absent in$; discal spot large and ill-defined, often absent. South-Eastern Russia. — Larva yellowish grey, wash- 

 ed with black on sides and back, dorso-laterally with 2 rows of large, elongate, black spots which are broadly 

 edged with yellow, especially below. Head and stigmata black, abdominal legs with a triangular black lateral 

 spot low down. On a steppe-plant of which the name is not given (a species of Rhubarb ?). Pp in a very thin 

 yellowish barrel-cocoon. 



E. rueckbeili Graes. Allied to acantophylli and neogena. Forewing dark grey-brown, with large brown- rueckbeili. 

 centred, distally dentate, white basal spot, and large, sharply marked discal one ; the first transverse band beyond 

 the centre consists of 3 white spots connected by a thin irregular line, and is less dentate than in neogpMn; 

 the white marginal band narrow, produced distad on each vein into a sharply pointed tooth; in the centre 

 of the costal margin a white longitudinal smear. Hindwing blackish grey, the light transverse band hardly 

 indicated. $ with the markings more greyish white, without basal spot on the forewing (normally ?), the first 

 transver.se band of even widtii, the marginal band separated into spots; anal wool dark blackish grey above 

 and light grey beneath. Issyk-kul (Alexander Mts.). 



6. Genus: I^asiocaiiipa Schrank. 



Large or medium^sized species, usually differently coloured in the sexes, with broad, rounded, entire 

 or very feebly scalloped wings. $ essentially lai-ger than the ^ , only in one species wingless (sUiudingeri). Eyes 

 irregularly clothed with short hair. Frons with a liorny process in most species. Antermae in o with long pecti- 

 nations, in $ with short ones or (staudingeri $) very faintly dentate. Palpi short, shaggy, end-segment distinct, 

 with short appressed hair. Costal margin of forewing almost straight or slightly convex beyond the middle. 

 Apex rounded, distal margin feebly convex; costal margin of liindwing excurved at the base, then straight, 

 distal margin evenly convex. Forewing with 12 veins, 2 — 5 separate, 6 — 8 likewise separate or 6 and 7 on a 

 short stalk {decoloratn, staudingeri). or 8 from 9, 10 (grandis); 9, 10 on a short stalk, 11 free; 2 — 9 into the distal 

 margin. In the hindwing vein 6 from the upper angle of cell, 7 from its anterior margin proximally to the 

 centre, 8 approaching 7 rather far beyond the base, and running close along it for a shorter or longer distance 

 or being connected with it by a short oblicfue vein; basal cell therefore rather large, extending beyond half 

 the cell; the accessory veins running to the costal margin (2 or more) rather weak or entirely obsolete. Cell 

 closed in both wings, discocellular vein in forewing elbowed in the middle, in hindwing near upper angle of cell, 

 the lower angle projecting more distad than the upper. Femora and to some extent also the tibiae with long 

 hair, tarsi smoothly scaled; fore tibiae longer or shorter than the 1. tarsal segment, armed with an apical thorn 

 in some species; hind tibiae with 2 end-spurs. 



Although the species differ to some extent in the ground-colour, which may be light greyish white, 

 yellow, brown, browaiish red or very dark brown, or an intermediate shade, the scheme of markings is very 

 uniform. Apart from some entirely unicolorous species, we meet with certain markings everywhere: a white 

 discal spot on the forewing usually with a dark edge, and a Ught postdiscal band across both wings, wMch may 

 he replaced by a dark band distally bordered with a light colour ; some species have in addition a light subbasal 

 band or occasionally a light basal spot on the forewing. 



The Palearctic species can be separated into several groups according to morpliological detail. Firstly, 

 staudingeri with its wingless ? (genus Lamhessa Stgr.) contrasts with the normal- winged species. Among 

 these latter the species without horny frontal process but with end-thorn to the foretibia (Lasiocampa s. sir., 

 with quercus, graridis, serrida and probably also josiia) differ therein from the remaining species, which 

 have a frontal horn, but either have no end-thorn to the foretibia {Aurivillia Tutt, with decolonita, datini and 

 davidis) or have such a thorn (Pachygastria Hhn.. with trifolii, terreiii, eversmanni, ruimi and concolor). 



However, iii the present work it appears advisable to group the species according to the colour and 

 pattern in connection with the geographical distribution, and we distinguish accordingly a quercus-gvowp con- 

 taining the numerous yellow, or brown to dark brown forms with yellow bands belonging to the widely distributed 

 L. quercus; a trifolii-gronp, which comprises, besides trifolii and its forms grandis and seirula, predominantly 

 brown-red or reddish grey moths with an usually narrow whitish band and small discal spot; an eversmanni- 



