168 GASTROPAGHA. By Dr. K. Grunberg. 



16. Genus: CHa!>itro|>a<'lia 0. 



Large and very conspicuous species. Antennae short and always strongly curved, with moderately 

 long pectinations, these only slightly shorter in the $ than in the ^. Palpi beak-shaped, stongly porrect and 

 slightly curved, flattened laterally. Eyes short-haired, only sparsely so in the $. Body clothed with dense woolly 

 hair. Wings with strongly dentate margin. Forewing elongate, costal margin strongly curved, apex slightly 

 rounded, distal margin rather strongly curved, with a pointed tooth between veins 1 and 2; hindwing short 

 oval, broadly rounded, costal margin strongly excurved. Veins 4 and 5 of forewing close together from the 

 lower angle of the cell, 6 and 7 on a short stalk, 8 from the upper angle of the cell, 9 and 10 on a long stalk, 

 the stalk longer than the free ends; 2 to 9 into the margin, 10 into the apex. In the hindwing vein 2 close 

 before the apex of the cell, 4 and 5 on quite a short stalk, together with 3 from the lower angle of the cell, 6 and 

 7 close together from the upper angle ; 8 strongly curved from the base, connected with the anterior margin 

 of the cell by a long obhque transverse vein, sending off 5 or 6 long, strong, usually strongly curved, accessory 

 veins to the costal margin. Cell of both wings closed. Femora and tibiae with dense long hair, middle and hind 

 tibiae with quite short end-spurs hidden in the hair. In the whole Palearctic Region except the southern por- 

 tion of the Mediten-anean district, to Japan, China, and Anterior IncUa. — Larva distinctly flattened dorso- 

 ventrally, with very strong leg-like lateral warts on segments 1 to 10, the three thoraoical warts simple, long 

 conical, the abdominal warts bifid, the anterior cone longer than the posterior, especially on segments 4 and 5. 

 On segments 2 and 3 a raised transverse spot of a deep black colour densely covered with narrow lanceolate 

 scales of the same tint. Segment 11 with a pointed conical or an obtuse hump. Short dorsal and long lateral 

 hair; far dow'ji laterally between the legs 3 or 4 stripes of black hair on each segment. Pupa blackish brown 

 to black, densely dusted with white, fairly densely setose, also setose at the rounded anal end, in a dense soft 

 cocoon intermixed with the hairs of the larva and mealy dust. 



c/Kenifolia. G. quercifolla L. (27 d, e). The Lappet. Deep copper-red, wings darker towards the costal margin, 



with a whitish violet gloss in the marginal area ; forewing strewn with yellow scales in the basal half, with thi-ee 

 black transverse bands, the two outer ones formed of lunules. In the hindwing only two transverse bands. 

 Distributed from Japan, China and Amurland to Europe, here common almost every^vhere. In the South 

 to Asia Minor, Turkey, Italy and Northern Spain (absent from Greece and Southern Italy), in Scandinavia 

 to 60" latitude. The species varies considerably in the ground-colour, from quite dark to oclireous. — The 

 alnifolia. darkest form is alnifolia 0. (27 e), in which, especially in the ?, the black colour may extend over the whole 

 wing ; it occurs from the Northern boundary of the area as far as Spain, the Alps and Hungary, but is parti- 

 cularly common in the North, where it is more abundant than the name-typical form. At the other end of 

 ulmifolia. the series stands ulmifolia Heudck., which is quite light, almost oclireous, but sharply marked. It is on the 

 whole confined to the South, but occurs iii Asia as far as the Amur. The aberration of tliis form without mark- 

 pallida. ings TuTT names ulmifolia-obsoleta. — Very like the last-named is pallida SpuL, a pale yellowish reddish 

 dalmafina. grey form almost without markings. — Forms also lighter but more reddish arc dalmatina Gerh., from Dalmatia, 

 meridiona- and iTieridionalis Hormuz., found in the Mediterranean area to Asia Minor, in the former the outer band of lun- 

 '**• ules is absent iuid t he imier median one only developed as a narrow line (according to Tutt this form is entirely 

 without markings); in meridiorialis the transverse bands are moderately well developed; Tptt here distingiiishes 

 two further forms, meridionalis-ohsoleta entirely without markings, and meridiou'dis-lineata with sharply defined 

 markings. In the same way he distinguishes dalmitina typica with the markings indistinct and dahnatina- 

 lineata very sharply marked. Of course these forms are not always sharply defined. — Tutt enumerates 

 suffttsa. further two darker forms as aberrations, viz. suffusa and purpurascens, the former dark reddish brown, appear- 

 pitrpuras- j-jng greenish on the patches of the forewing which bear yellow scales, often with yellow fringes and sharp mark- 

 " ings (with the markings indistinct or absent snffusa-ohsoleta); and pur pti rase ejis is deep dark purple with 

 the black extended and the transverse bands sharply defined (without markings purpurasrens-obsoleta). — 

 cerridifolia. cerridifolia FIdr. (27 e), from Japan, Corea, the Ussuri district and Corea, North China, is in contra-distinction 

 to the preceding forms very well characterised; it is bright light reddish brown with a broad orange-yellow 

 costal margin to the hindwing; the transverse bands are narrow and indistinct in the forewing and usually 

 entirely absent in the hindwing. — Some further aberrations are also distinguished which differ from normal 

 specimens in size or in the shape of the wings. Tutt names a giant-form, 100 to 120 mm. in expanse (9). which 

 major, was first mentioned by Gauckler and bred from particularly large larvae from near Vienna, ab. major. On 

 hoegei. the other hand. ab. hoegei Heudck., a dwarf-form appearing as second brood in September in favourable j-ears 

 saliciiorm. and sometimes also the result of breeding, is only half the normal size. — salicifolia Stgr., from Kentei, is also 

 considerably smaller than normal specimens, the ^ measuring 51, the $ 60 mm in expanse; the colour is light 

 greyish brown, similar to that of populifolia, especially in the marginal area, being almost violet-grey in the 

 middle of the outer margin; the outer transverse line is only very slightly indicated. Hinflwing with broad 

 sibirica. transverse band, double in the $. — Lastly there is a form from Western Siberia (Tomsk), sibirica Krul., which 

 is also a light aberration of less than normal size, with indistinct bands on the forewing, almost unicolourous 

 incompleta. hindwing, and yellow fringes. — ■ Tutt names ab. incompleta a form bred by Gauckler which is obviously a 

 monstrosity, having a semicircular excision at the anal angle of the hindwing. — Egg oval, flattened at both 



