DENDROLIMUS. By Dr. K. GrUnbeeg. 171 



a saddle-like brown mark and on 11 a conical wart. On deciduous trees, especially on low bushes. Pupates 

 in a paper-like white, rather mealy cocoon, the pupa being stumpy and blackish brown. From July to October; 

 the moth common in Southern China in the autumn. 



18. Genus: Deiidroliiiiiis Germ. 



Large or at least medium-sized, densely hairy and opaque species, whose colouring is on the wliole 

 dull brown, reddish or greyish brown, light grey or at most reddish yellow. Antennae of (J rather strongly 

 plumose, in the $ with short, or longer (bufo), pectinations. Palpi porrect, extending considerably beyond 

 the Irons and densely scaled and hairy. Frons sniothly and densely hairy. Eyes hairy or naked. Thorax 

 and abdomen densely liairj% the latter conical and pointed in the ,^, cylindrical in the $. Femora and tibiae 

 very densely clothed with long woolly hair, tar.si smoothly scaled; middle and liind tibiae with long or short 

 end-spurs. Forewing elongate, with slightly rounded apex, costal margin curved beyond the centre, distal 

 margin moderately curved. Hindwing broad, evenly rounded, with the costal margin nearly or quite straight, 

 distal margin of both wings slightly wavy or almost entire. In the forewing veins 4 and .5 together from the 

 lower angle of the cell, 6 and 7 on a short stalk, 8 from the upper angle of the cell or close before it, 9 and 10 

 on a short or longer stalk: 2 to 8 into the margin, 9 into the apex or also into the margin (6«/o). In the hind- 

 wing 4 and 5 on a short stalk from the lower angle of the cell, 8 anastomosed with 7 at a point close beyond 

 the base, or connected with it by a very short transverse vein, a short narrow basal cell being formed, from 

 which originate two short accessory veins, which may however be absent (bufo). Cell of both wings closed. 

 Distributed throughout the Palearctic (from Eui'ope to Eastei'n Asia) and Oriental Regions. — Larva somewhat 

 flattened, clothed with long soft hair, the lateral warts distinct on the thoracical segments, but only slightly 

 developed on the abdomen. Segments 2 and 8 above with a belt-like spot densely clothed with deepty coloured 

 hairy scales; similar scales on a broad hump-like elevation on 11, as well as on two small dorsal warts on 10; 

 the latter warts sometimes also bear long hairs (bufo). Smaller scales scattered on segments 2 and 3 on each 

 side of the dorsal line, being especially dense beween the anterior transverse spots, where they cover the entire 

 surface. Pupa clumsy, clothed with short hair, with broad rounded tail-end bearing numerous hooked bristles. 

 — While the genus is, in Europe, only represented by Dendr. pini, quite a number of species have to be distinguish- 

 ed in Eastern Asia. The Japanese fauna alone contains seven species, some of which may however be found 

 to be synonymous when they are better known. But four species are quite certainly known from the East- 

 A.siatic continent, the most important of which, Dendr. segregatus Btlr., closely alhed to our pini, is distributed 

 over the whole area including Japan. A second species, undans Walk., is in its typical form confined to South- 

 ern Asia and only represented in Eastern Asia by some aberrant forms. Two other species, rernotn Walk. 

 and punctata Walk., are only known from C!hina. The German colony Shantiing knows from experience that 

 the East-Asiatic Dendrolimi are no less injurious to forestry than the European one, whole freshly planted 

 pine-woods having been destroyed. Dendr. sibiricus Tschtr., from North-Western Asia, is a link between the 

 East-Asiatic and European species, but seems only to occur on larches. 



D. pini. A species var\ang greatly in ground-colour, from deep redcUsh brown to deep greyish brown 

 and very pale yellowish grey. Forewing with small and usually prominent white discal spot, and three blackish 

 transverse bands, continuous or formed of single curved and angulate spots, and sometimes entirely or almost 

 obsolescent, the first band close to the discal spot, the second in the middle of the wing, the tliird submarginal, 

 with a deep dentate sinus in the middle. The smaller (J is on the whole more sharply marked than the 

 larger $. Hindwing unicolorous, without markings. Distributed in several forms in Europe from ScancUnavia 

 to Northern Spain, Central Italy and Greece (absent in England), in the East to Japan; in Amurland, China 

 and Japan also occurs a series of forms hitherto usually regarded as distinct species. — The true European pini pini. 

 L. (28 a) is deep reddish brown or lighter brown to dark greyish brown, discal spot and bands of the forewing 

 well developed, the costal mai-gin, the space between the two inner bands and the distal marginal area scaled 

 with grey ; in specimens with the markings well defined the ground-colour beween the two outer bands there- 

 fore appears as a sharp brown transverse band, usually the base of the wang as far as the discal spot also retaining 

 the ground-colour. AH kinds of combinations, of course connected by various intermechate forms, result from 

 the different shades of ground-colour, from the scaling between the two inner transverse bands being parti- 

 cularly densely whitish, from the inner bands or all bands being entirely or partly obsolescent. That so few 

 forms of a species hke tliis, whose colouring and markings are remarkably pliable, have as yet received names 

 is owing to its absence from England, as otherwise Tutt, the well-known monographer of English Lepidoptera, 

 would not have allowed such an admirable opportunity for erectiiag a large number of aberrational forms to 

 escape liim. Until a short wliile ago only the mountain-form, montana Stgr. ( 28 a), had received a name, beside the montana. 



