172 



DENDROLIMI'S. Bv Dr. K. GrInberg. 



ohscura. 



unicolor- 



brimnea. 



yriscKceii/i. 



externo- 

 (asciala. 



unicolor- 

 griscsccns. 



typical form in Europe; it is deep dark brown in colour, densely scaled and very sharpty marked; the white 

 scaling is more dispersed in the hindwng, forming spots, and being only more condensed in a band along the 

 inner side of the submarginal band. Here a dark form from the Southern Tyrol, should also be mentioned 

 which belongs to monta.mi in a wder sense, and which we name ab. obscura ab. nov. (28 c); the white scaling 

 of the forewing is absent with the exception of a white inner edge to the very deeply coloured submarginal 

 band. Rebel has lately given names to two extreme forms: ab. unicolor-brunnea Rebel, uniformly reddish 

 brown with the markings of the forewing obsolescent, and ab. grisescens Rebel, uniforml}' whitish grey \Wth 

 normal markings on the forewing. As the markings of the grey specimens also vary greatly and as the name 

 grisescens only applies to individuals with the markings fairly well developed, we feel justified in giving a name 

 to two particularly aberrant forms, one, with the forewng unifoimly whitish grey from the base, and verj^ 

 sharp black submarginal band, we call ab. externo-fasciata ab. yiov.; the discal spot is much reduced, the inner 

 liands altogether obsolete, the marginal area is darker grey, the hindwing light grejash brown. An altogether 

 uniformly yellowish grey form with small sharp discal spot and greyish white fringes in which the outer band 

 is also scarcely indicated bj' slight traces, may receive the name of unicolor-grisescens ab. nov. — The eggs 

 are comparatively large, the size of a grain of hemp, oval, first bluish green, later on more gre3^ They are de- 

 posited in clusters of about 50 on the bark of pines. Larva light brown to predominantly gTey, in the former 

 case with irregular grey dorsal spots, on segments 3 to 10 near the hindmargin two black divergent streaks, 

 as well as lateral black oblique streaks in between the abdominal segments. Venter grey with yellowish brown 

 median spots. Stigmata white. Hairs grey or brownish, intermixed with black on the warts. The bristles 

 and scales on the transverse spots and dorsal warts deep black, the smaller scales along the back white with a 

 satiny gloss. Pupa blackish brown, the abdominal incisions and wing-cases dark reddish brown,, hairs and hooked 

 bristles at the anal end lighter reddish brown. Moth from the end of June until August. The larvae feed 

 almost exclusively on species of pine, preferably on the Scotch fir (Pinus sylvestris). They appear already in 

 August and feed until the third change of skin in the autumn, when they seek their winter quarters on the ground, 

 generally beneath the fallen pine-needles, also under moss, in a place as dry as possible. In the spring they 

 go up the trees again and feed until the end of June. At this time they are most harmful. Pupation in crevices 

 of the bark, also between the tips of twigs, in a dirty or greenish grey, dense, longitudinally oval cocoon, at 

 the anterior end of which the projecting sharp bristes and scales of the girdle-spots form a kind of ring or collar. 

 Pini is the worst enemy of pine-woods, and does a great deal of harm, especially in Central Europe, above all 

 in large forests not interrupted by deciduous trees nor with thick undergrowth. It is considerably less abun- 

 dant in North- Western Germany. It has moreover not yet been found noxious in the Baltic Provinces (Est- 

 honia). 



D. sibiricus Tschtvr. (= laricis Tschtvr.). Very similar to pini, somewhat larger, uniformly black to 

 brownish grey, sometimes with traces of' reddish brown bands in the marginal and basal areas. Transverse 

 stripes as in pini, the outer Avavy one very broad, black and stronger than the others. The whole surface of the 

 wing evenly strewn with large white scales, the discal spot of the forewing distinct. Antenna of $ with short 

 but distinct pectinations. So far only known, from the Ural, the Sajan and Bureja Mts., where it is said to 

 have migrated from the East. The larvae, which bear a conspicuous resemblance to those of pini, live on Larix 

 sibirica, and are very injurious, especially to young plantations; they are also said to have been found on firs 

 though rarely, but this may be due to a confusion with pini. 



D. superans Butl. (28 b). A very large species with uniformly dark gre_\nsh brown ground-colour, ^ 

 somewhat lighter than $, according to Butler with a large white basal subcostal spot on the foreAving. The 

 small white discal spot distinct, the blackish transverse bands also fairly well developed, especially the sub- 

 marginal one, which has a sharp white inner edge; the median one with a broad grey cloudy edge. Japan. 

 speclabills. — spectabilis Bull., described by its author as a distinct sjiecies, is remarkably dark, thorax and forewing being 

 almost black; no discal spot, the white edge of the submarginal band separated into sharp spots. Size of a 

 large segregatns. Japan. 



segregaius. D. segregatus Butl. (28 b). The characteristic representative of pini in Eastern Asia, most closely 



allied to it, an.d so far mostly placed together with this species, varying also in the same way. The ground- 

 colour is less red than in pini, dark greyish brown, chocolate-brown to deep blacldsh brown, the hindwing in 

 the latter case being however always lighter, the submarginal band of the forewing is particularly sharply de- 

 fined, and consists of separate, often intensely black angulate spots which are still distinctly visible on the 

 darkest ground-colour; the white scaling of the forewing accompanies the three transverse bands as a distinct 

 edge, and is on the whole more extended than in pini. The hindwing also sometimes bears a white transverse 

 band on the inner half. Distributed over the whole of Eastern Asia, the Amur and Ussuri districts, Northern 

 bifascia. China and Japan. We distinguish two forms: ab. bifascia ab. nov. (28c), which is very common and in wliich 

 the M'hite margins of the two inner transverse bands are particularly strongly developed, especially in the $, 

 cinerea. so that the transverse bands themselves are reduced; and ab. ciiierea ab. nov. (28 d), a form also abundant 

 at Tsingtau, with the ground-colour of the forewing and the margin of the hindwing light yellowish grey, the 



sibiricus. 



superans. 



