182 LEMONIA. By Dr. K. Grunberg. 



yet only known in the ^ sex, is probably an Alpine form ; it is distinguished by the darker brownish coloured 

 wings, but lighter specimens also occur in which only the marginal portion is darker. — Larva yellowash brown 

 on the upper side, laterally and ventrally blackish brown. Segments 2 to 11 each with two velvety dorsal 

 stripes, the anterior one very broad, the posterior one narrower, both broadly interrupted in the middle. Hairs 

 and warts yellowsh brown like the upperside. April to the beginning of June, on sunny meadows and railway 

 embankments, on Taraxacum, Hieracium, etc. ; also feeds by day in the sunshine. Pupa rather slender and 

 glossy, reddish brown. 



(htwi. L. dumi L. (= dumeti L.) (30 a). Body clothed \\'ith a mixture of clay-coloured and black hairs. Wings 



blackish brown, hghter in the $, with a sharp clay-coloured mechan band broader on the forewing, and fringes 

 of the same colour; on the forewing a large yellow discal spot. Distributed throughout Central Europe with the 

 exception of England, northward to Sweden and Finland, eastward through Hungary to vSouthern Russia and 

 Turkey. — Egg with dark median band and dark dot at one flattened pole. Larva blackish brown slightly tinged 

 with violet, clothed with yellowish brown hair. Segments 4 to 10 with two velvety transverse black bands 

 broadly interrupted in the middle, the posterior one broader, the anterior one narrower and anteriorly edged 

 with yellow; on segment 3 only the posterior band is developed, on 11 only the anterior one. Between these 

 two broader bands there is a thiid, very narrow and more lateral one. From May to August on meadows, on various 

 low-growing plants. Taraxacum, Hieracium, etc. The pupa rather frequently hibernates more than once. In 

 order t(j induce the larvae to pupate it is advisable to put some clumps of earth, not too dry, into the cages, 

 in which they make cylindrical cells for the pupae (BRETSCHisrEiDER). The moths appear in the late autumn; 

 the ,j^ are on the wing on sunny days in October, on clearings in the woods, especially liigh pine woods, their 

 flight being wild; they are difficult to catch, as one easily looses sight of them. 



vallanUni. L. vallatitlni Oherth. (29 f). Uniformly clay-coloured, with continuous cUffuse blackish median band on 



both wings, forewing with sharp black discal spot. Algeria. 



sacrosancia. L. sacrosaticta Pting. Allied to vnlhintini Oherth., ground-colour pale gre>ash yellow, the dark band 



rather obsolescent on the upperside, being only indicated as a slight shadow on the hindwing, but more distinct 

 beneath. Forewing with small sharp discal black spot, which is absent beneath, and with narrow dark marginal 

 band. Palestine. 



ballkiiti. L. ballioni Chr. Allied to balcanica H.-Schdff., the antennae with longer and stouter pectinations, 



forewing somewhat more pointed. Body and wings dull ochreous. Forewing with dark brown round discal 

 spot, median band brownish, slightly curved, diffuse and abbreviated before the inner margin, with a white 

 potitica. outer edge. Hindwing without band. Caucasus, Armenia. — In the Armenian form, pontica Auriv. (29 f ), the 

 median band is present on both wings, being particularly sharp on the forewing and dark brown. — The species 

 varies greatly in the development of the basal and discal spot. 



hfilrruiirfi. L. balcatiica H.-Svhdjj. (= bremeri Koll.) (30 a). Body and wings uniformly greyish brown, darker 



in the J, ratlier pale in the $. Forewing with large dark brown discal spot edged with whitish, absent on 

 the underside; both wings with narrow curved whitish median band and a marginal one of the same colour. 

 According to Herrich-SchXffer the $ is darker than the q. Bidgaria, Armenia. — Egg grey, with two 

 white rings and a dark dot at one pole. Larva velvety black with yellowish brown hair and broad violet-grey 

 incisions, more greyish brown laterally. At the posterior edges of the segments sometimes two orange-yellow 

 spots. In the autumn and probably also in the winter on chicory. 



/"'"''■ L. pauli Shjr. (30 b). Also regarded as a variety of ballioni Chr. Varying in ground-colour from dirty 



ochreous suffused with blackish grey to dark brown-gi-ey, the dark brown curved band beyond the middle 

 of the wing distinct on both wings, in dark specimens obsolescent, with lighter outer edge. Both wings also 

 with dark marginal line. The blackish discal spot in the forewing small, in a light cloud. In the outer half, espe- 

 cially in the forewing, the veins are whitish, somewhat recalling phiJopdlus Donz. Palestine. 



/"'"• L. pia Pilng. Also allied to balcanica. Ground-colour brown, both wings with a white band, which 



is sharply marked and runs almost .straight across the forewing, but in the hindwing is slightly curved, ending 

 before the inner margin. Forewing with small sharp discal spot, in a more or less distinct light cloud. The discal 

 spot is absent on the underside. Palestine, Dead Sea, where it was caught in the autxnnn. 

 phihijinhi.'^. L. philopalus DoHz. (30 a). A species holding quite an isolated position in the genus on account of its 



peculiar markings; ground-colour blackish brown, with which — excepting a broad costal marginal stripe in the 

 forewing — all the veins contrast as sharp wliitish j'ellow lines which are widened at the margin to form a narrow 

 marginal line of the same colour. Fringes also light. At the apex of tJie cell of the forewing a small dark discal 

 spot surrounded by light scaling and diffuse light central dot. Hindwing, with the exception of the mar- 

 ginal portion, paler than the forewing. Southern Andalusia and Algeria. 



sardana- S. sardanapalus Stqr. (30 a). Somewhat smaller than dumi, to wliicli it is comparatively most closely 



/'" "•*■ aliicii. Head and thorax olive, alxldincii l)lack and like the tliorax clothed with long grey hair. Forewing dark 



